Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to small bowel perforation: a case report

Abstract

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening condition that complicates diabetes mellitus. Euglycemic DKA (eDKA) is emerging as a variant in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The rise in its presentation is being caused by newer medicines using SGLT-2 inhibitors, with a complex underlying pathophysiology. Here we report a case of a 70-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath and abdominal pain. She suffers from type 2 diabetes mellitus and is on oral therapy, including the SGLT-2 inhibitor empagliflozin. Further testing revealed a high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis without elevation of lactate levels and a glucose level of 160 mg/dL. CT imaging of the abdomen showed a small bowel perforation. The case required aggressive medical therapy before surgical repair in the operating room. EDKA is a medical emergency that can be challenging to identify due to its atypical presentation compared to the traditional DKA (which is hyperglycemic). These characteristics can delay effective and timely treatment.

Keywords

• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• intestinal perforation
• SGLT-2 protein