A Systematic Literature Review of Synchronous E-Learning Challenges in Higher Education Institutions in Developing Nations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the transition to online learning, with synchronous e-learning becoming a critical modality in higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide. This shift, while ensuring educational continuity, has unveiled numerous challenges, especially in developing nations where resources and infrastructure may not adequately support such a rapid transition.

Keywords

• covid-19
• developing nation
• synchronous e-learning
• higher education institutions
• student