Heliyon (Dec 2019)
Biological removal of iron and sulfate from synthetic wastewater of cotton delinting factory by using halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural wastewater treatment, which has the potential to cause serious risks to human health and the environment, has special importance at the lowest cost and highest efficiency such as biological processes to treat wastewater. The purpose of the study was removing iron and sulfate from very saline synthetic wastewater by means of halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. This process was performed under anaerobic conditions to change wastewater to a chemical fertilizer to use in saline and alkaline soils. Three halophilic SRBs were isolated and purified from wastewater of the cotton delinting factory by Postage C medium which supplemented with sodium chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The highest NaCl tolerance strain (HSR973) was allocated to Desulfovibrio halophilus sp. This experimental study was conducted in a fluid bed reactor at anaerobic conditions. Diluted concentrations of cotton linters wastewater containing 50–400 ppm iron were added to the reactor. After the bacteria fixation to different iron concentrations, the maximum removal efficiency of iron and sulfate was achieved 85.3 % and 78.4 % at the optimum retention time of 24-hours respectively. Sulfate concentration in samples decreased to about 20 % of initial concentration after 24-h retention time. The highest production of H2S at optimum operational conditions was about 228 ml l−1. The reduction of sulfate and iron biological precipitation by anaerobic rector presented high performance. This removing accompanied with the alkalinity increase during the process which could be improved condition for acidic wastewater treatment. The produced iron sulfide sludge was not suitable for use as a chemical fertilizer due to its lack of complete separation. However, the total sludge produced was able to be consumed in saline and alkaline soils for various purposes after additional treatment.
