Elastocaloric Performance of Natural Rubber in Solid State Cooling: Evaluation of the Effect of Crosslinking Density

Abstract

Elastocaloric cooling is recognized as a promising alternative to modern vapor-compression cooling systems, which often rely on environmentally hazardous refrigerants. Natural rubber (NR), a well-known renewable resource, stands out among elastomers exhibiting elastocaloric behavior due to a peculiar combination of nontoxicity, low cost, softness, long-life fatigue and high caloric power. Despite these properties, research on the refrigeration potential of NR is still in its early stages, and several aspects require attention. This work investigates, for the first time, the effect of crosslinking density on the elastocaloric properties of NR. Samples with three different crosslinking densities (2.9, 4.0 and 5.2 mol·10−4/cm3) were produced by internal compounding and hot pressing, and thermo-mechanically characterized. The assessment of the elastocaloric effect of the produced samples revealed that reducing the crosslinking degree significantly enhanced the elastocaloric properties. To compare the cooling capacity of the samples, a qualitative coefficient of performance (COPmat) was evaluated as the ratio between extracted thermal energy and deformational work per unit volume. The results highlight that the least crosslinked sample achieved the higher COPmat, equal to 2.4. These results underscore the significance of crosslinking density as one of the primary factors to be considered to enhance the refrigeration potential of NR.

Keywords

• natural rubber
• vulcanization
• crosslinking density
• elastocaloric effect
• solid state cooling