Zdorovʹe Rebenka (Apr 2021)

MiRNA biogenesis. Part 1. Maturation of pre-miRNA. Maturation of canonical miRNAs

  • A.E. Abaturov,
  • V.L. Babуch

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.2.2021.229886
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 2
pp. 200 – 207

Abstract

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The scientific review presents the biogenesis of ­miRNAs. To write the article, information was searched using databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. The article presents a brief description of the RNA sequence encoding miRNAs. It is emphasized that microRNAs, depending on the location of the sequence encoding them in the genome, are divided into two major groups: canonical and non-canonical miRNAs. It has been found that a single locus of a sequence encoding a miRNA can generate a series of non-coding mature transcripts. It is noted that there are canonical and non-canonical (alternative) ways of maturation of pri-miRNAs. The canonical path of maturation of miRNAs results from the functioning of DROSHA and DICER proteins. Intranuclear processing of pri-miRNA by the DROSHA protein is revealed, which leads to the formation of pre-miRNAs transported from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm, where under the influence of the DICER protein they are converted into duplex microRNAs. Duplex miRNAs are recruited by Argonaute (AGO) proteins, on which they are spun, and as a result one of the two strands of RNA becomes mature miRNA. Non-canonical primary miRNA transcripts can be subjected to DROSHA-, DGCR8-independent, and DICER-independent processing. The dysfunction of microprocessor proteins and nuclear export of pre-miRNAs is accompanied by the development of some human diseases. Thus, in the biogenesis of miRNAs, there are canonical and non-canonical (alternative) ways of maturation of pri-miRNAs. The canonical path of maturation of primary micro­RNA transcripts is due to the functioning of ­DROSHA and DICER proteins. The non-canonical path of maturation of pre-miRNAs is performed by DROSHA-, DGCR8-independent, and DICER-independent processing. The dysfunction of various mechanisms of the canonical path of maturation of pre-miRNA is associated with the development of some human diseases.

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