Latent-variable Approaches Utilizing Both Item Scores and Response Times To Detect Test Fraud

Abstract

There is a growing interest in approaches based on latent-variable models for detecting fraudulent behavior on educational tests. Wollack and Schoenig (2018) noted the presence of five types of statistical/psychometric approaches to detect the three broad types of test fraud that occur in educational tests. This paper includes a brief review of the five types of statistical/psychometric approaches mentioned by Wollack and Schoenig (2018). This paper then includes a more detailed review of the recent approaches for detecting test fraud using both item scores and response times—all of these approaches are based on latent-variable models. A real data example demonstrates the use of two of the approaches.

Keywords

• chi-bar-square distribution
• likelihood ratio statistic
• wald statistic