The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq
- J. M. DerKacy,
- C. Ashall,
- P. Hoeflich,
- E. Baron,
- M. Shahbandeh,
- B. J. Shappee,
- J. Andrews,
- D. Baade,
- E. F Balangan,
- K. A. Bostroem,
- P. J. Brown,
- C. R. Burns,
- A. Burrow,
- A. Cikota,
- T. de Jaeger,
- A. Do,
- Y. Dong,
- I. Dominguez,
- O. Fox,
- L. Galbany,
- E. T. Hoang,
- E. Y. Hsiao,
- D. Janzen,
- J. E. Jencson,
- K. Krisciunas,
- S. Kumar,
- J. Lu,
- M. Lundquist,
- T. B. Mera Evans,
- J. R. Maund,
- P. Mazzali,
- K. Medler,
- N. E. Meza Retamal,
- N. Morrell,
- F. Patat,
- J. Pearson,
- M. M. Phillips,
- M. Shrestha,
- S. Stangl,
- C. P. Stevens,
- M. D. Stritzinger,
- N. B. Suntzeff,
- C. M. Telesco,
- M. A. Tucker,
- S. Valenti,
- L. Wang,
- Y. Yang
Affiliations
- J. M. DerKacy
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; [email protected]
- C. Ashall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; [email protected]
- P. Hoeflich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- E. Baron
- ORCiD
- Planetary Science Institute , 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA; Hamburger Sternwarte , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany
- M. Shahbandeh
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- B. J. Shappee
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USA
- J. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSFs NOIRLab , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA
- D. Baade
- ORCiD
- European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- E. F Balangan
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- K. A. Bostroem
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- P. J. Brown
- ORCiD
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- C. R. Burns
- ORCiD
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- A. Burrow
- ORCiD
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA
- A. Cikota
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
- T. de Jaeger
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USA
- A. Do
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USA
- Y. Dong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- I. Dominguez
- ORCiD
- Universidad de Granada , E-18071, Granada, Spain
- O. Fox
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- L. Galbany
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut dEstudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- E. T. Hoang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- E. Y. Hsiao
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- D. Janzen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- J. E. Jencson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- K. Krisciunas
- ORCiD
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- S. Kumar
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- J. Lu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- M. Lundquist
- ORCiD
- W.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USA
- T. B. Mera Evans
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- J. R. Maund
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- P. Mazzali
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute , Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics , Garching, Germany
- K. Medler
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute , Liverpool John Moores University, UK
- N. E. Meza Retamal
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- N. Morrell
- ORCiD
- Las Campanas Observatory , Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
- F. Patat
- ORCiD
- European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- J. Pearson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- M. M. Phillips
- ORCiD
- Las Campanas Observatory , Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
- M. Shrestha
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- S. Stangl
- ORCiD
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA
- C. P. Stevens
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; [email protected]
- M. D. Stritzinger
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- N. B. Suntzeff
- ORCiD
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- C. M. Telesco
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- M. A. Tucker
- ORCiD
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- S. Valenti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- L. Wang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Y. Yang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7b
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 961,
no. 2
p. 187
Abstract
We present a JWST mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) ∼130 days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14 μ m in SN Ia observations. We find features unique to underluminous SNe Ia, including the following: isolated emission of stable Ni, strong blends of [Ti ii ], and large ratios of singly ionized to doubly ionized species in both [Ar] and [Co]. Comparisons to normal-luminosity SNe Ia spectra at similar phases show a tentative trend between the width of the [Co iii ] 11.888 μ m feature and the SN light-curve shape. Using non-LTE-multi-dimensional radiation hydro simulations and the observed electron capture elements, we constrain the mass of the exploding WD. The best-fitting model shows that SN 2022xkq is consistent with an off-center delayed-detonation explosion of a near-Chandrasekhar mass WD ( ${M}_{{\rm{WD}}}$ ≈1.37 M _⊙ ) of high central density ( ρ _c ≥ 2.0 × 10 ^9 g cm ^−3 ) seen equator-on, which produced M ( ^56 Ni) =0.324 M _⊙ and M ( ^58 Ni) ≥0.06 M _⊙ . The observed line widths are consistent with the overall abundance distribution; and the narrow stable Ni lines indicate little to no mixing in the central regions, favoring central ignition of subsonic carbon burning followed by an off-center deflagration-to-detonation transition beginning at a single point. Additional observations may further constrain the physics revealing the presence of additional species including Cr and Mn. Our work demonstrates the power of using the full coverage of MIRI in combination with detailed modeling to elucidate the physics of SNe Ia at a level not previously possible.
Keywords
