The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
A Uniform Analysis of Debris Disks with the Gemini Planet Imager. I. An Empirical Search for Perturbations from Planetary Companions in Polarized Light Images
- Katie A. Crotts,
- Brenda C. Matthews,
- Gaspard Duchêne,
- Thomas M. Esposito,
- Ruobing Dong,
- Justin Hom,
- Rebecca Oppenheimer,
- Malena Rice,
- Schuyler G. Wolff,
- Christine H. Chen,
- Clarissa R. Do Ó,
- Paul Kalas,
- Briley L. Lewis,
- Alycia J. Weinberger,
- David J. Wilner,
- Mark Ammons,
- Pauline Arriaga,
- Robert J. De Rosa,
- John H. Debes,
- Michael P. Fitzgerald,
- Eileen C. Gonzales,
- Dean C. Hines,
- Sasha Hinkley,
- A. Meredith Hughes,
- Ludmilla Kolokolova,
- Eve J. Lee,
- Ronald A. López,
- Bruce Macintosh,
- Johan Mazoyer,
- Stanimir Metchev,
- Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer,
- Eric L. Nielsen,
- Jenny Patience,
- Marshall D. Perrin,
- Laurent Pueyo,
- Fredrik T. Rantakyrö,
- Bin B. Ren,
- Glenn Schneider,
- Remi Soummer,
- Christopher C. Stark
Affiliations
- Katie A. Crotts
- ORCiD
- Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada ; [email protected]
- Brenda C. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
- Gaspard Duchêne
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Thomas M. Esposito
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center , 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Ruobing Dong
- ORCiD
- Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada ; [email protected]
- Justin Hom
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Rebecca Oppenheimer
- ORCiD
- American Museum of Natural History , Department of Astrophysics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Malena Rice
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Schuyler G. Wolff
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Christine H. Chen
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Clarissa R. Do Ó
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Paul Kalas
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center , 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Institute of Astrophysics , FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Briley L. Lewis
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Alycia J. Weinberger
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- David J. Wilner
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Mark Ammons
- ORCiD
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Pauline Arriaga
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Robert J. De Rosa
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory , Alonsode Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
- John H. Debes
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Michael P. Fitzgerald
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eileen C. Gonzales
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University , 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; Department of Astronomy and Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University , 122 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Dean C. Hines
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sasha Hinkley
- ORCiD
- University of Exeter , Astrophysics Group, Physics Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
- A. Meredith Hughes
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
- Ludmilla Kolokolova
- ORCiD
- University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 , USA
- Eve J. Lee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3600 rue University, H3A 2T8 Montreal QC, Canada
- Ronald A. López
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bruce Macintosh
- ORCiD
- Center for Adaptive Optics, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Johan Mazoyer
- ORCiD
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
- Stanimir Metchev
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Eric L. Nielsen
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University , P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Jenny Patience
- ORCiD
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Marshall D. Perrin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Laurent Pueyo
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Fredrik T. Rantakyrö
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
- Bin B. Ren
- ORCiD
- Université Côte dAzur , Observatoire de la Côte dAzur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France
- Glenn Schneider
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory and the Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Remi Soummer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Christopher C. Stark
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0e69
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 961,
no. 2
p. 245
Abstract
The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has excelled in imaging debris disks in the near-infrared. The GPI Exoplanet Survey imaged 24 debris disks in polarized H -band light, while other programs observed half of these disks in polarized J and/or K 1 bands. Using these data, we present a uniform analysis of the morphology of each disk to find asymmetries suggestive of perturbations, particularly those due to planet–disk interactions. The multiwavelength surface brightness, disk color, and geometry permit the identification of any asymmetries such as warps or disk offsets from the central star. We find that 19 of the disks in this sample exhibit asymmetries in surface brightness, disk color, disk geometry, or a combination of the three, suggesting that for this sample, perturbations, as seen in scattered light, are common. The relationship between these perturbations and potential planets in the system is discussed. We also explore correlations among stellar temperatures, ages, disk properties, and observed perturbations. We find significant trends between the vertical aspect ratio and the stellar temperature, disk radial extent, and the dust grain size distribution power law, q . We also confirm a trend between the disk color and stellar effective temperature, where the disk becomes increasingly red/neutral with increasing temperature. Such results have important implications for the evolution of debris disk systems around stars of various spectral types.
Keywords
