Fast Protein and Metabolites (Nucleotides and Nucleosides) Liquid Chromatography Technique and Chemical Sensor for the Assessment of Fish and Meat Freshness
Artur Kuznetsov,
Aleksandr Frorip,
Alar Sünter,
Nensi Kasvand,
Vadim Korsakov,
Georgii Konoplev,
Oksana Stepanova,
Linda Rusalepp,
Dea Anton,
Tõnu Püssa,
Mati Roasto,
Liubov Abramova,
Andrey Kozin,
Lauri Toom,
Soeren Hirsch,
Nikolay Mukhin
Affiliations
Artur Kuznetsov
AS Ldiamon, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Aleksandr Frorip
AS Ldiamon, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Alar Sünter
AS Ldiamon, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Nensi Kasvand
AS Ldiamon, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Vadim Korsakov
Jeko Disain OÜ, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
Georgii Konoplev
Department of Photonics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Oksana Stepanova
Department of Photonics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Linda Rusalepp
Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Dea Anton
Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Tõnu Püssa
Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Mati Roasto
Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
Liubov Abramova
Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow 105187, Russia
Andrey Kozin
Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow 105187, Russia
Lauri Toom
Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Soeren Hirsch
Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
Nikolay Mukhin
Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
Fast protein and metabolite liquid chromatography (FPLMC) was introduced years ago to enable the easy separation of high-molecular compounds such as proteins from small molecules and the identification of the low-molecular substances. In this paper, the method is applied for the rapid evaluation of freshness and monitoring the aging of animal meat and fish. A novel chromatographic sensor was developed with a deep UV LED-based photometric detection unit (255–265 nm), an original flow cuvette and registration scheme; the processing of a chromatogram with the sensor takes approximately 15 min. Strict isochronism between the elution of ATP metabolites, mainly hypoxanthine (Hx) and inosine monophosphate (IMP), and the time of maturation of meat or fish, was discovered. A new freshness index H* = [Hx]/[IMP] was introduced, which is proportional to the instrumental delay time in the FPMLC chromatograms: the H* index < 0.5 indicates the presence of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and the high quality of the meat or fish. Reasonably strong correlations were revealed between data obtained by FPMLC and total volatile basic nitrogen TVB-N (for fish) or volatile fatty acids VFA (for meat) content. Moreover, putative nucleotide salvage and an increase in the concentration of IMP were observed in fish after heat treatment using the FPMLC sensor and NMR technique.
