Utility of various inflammatory markers in predicting outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A single-center experience

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to study the utility of various inflammatory markers in predicting outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Primary Objective: The primary objective of the study is to analyze the correlation between various inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality. Secondary Objectives: The secondary objective of the study is to assess the correlation between the inflammatory markers and clinical category of patients, and other outcomes such as length of hospital stay and need for invasive ventilation. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was done in 221 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in South India from May 2020 to July 2020. Clinical and laboratory data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were collected. This included epidemiological data, clinical data, laboratory parameter (neutrophil: lymphocyte [N: L] ratio, C-reactive protein [CRP], ferritin, interleukin-6 [IL-6], lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and procalcitonin), treatment details, and outcomes. Results: IL-6 levels >60.5 pg/mL and D-dimer levels >0.5 mcg/mL predicted in-hospital mortality with sensitivities of 80% and 76.7%, respectively. N: L ratio and CRP levels had good correlation with the need for oxygen supplementation and/or invasive ventilation. Conclusions: Judicious use of COVID-19 biomarkers could help in disease prognostication and thereby provide guidance to devise appropriate management strategies.

Keywords

• coronavirus disease 2019 biomarkers
• coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia
• c-reactive protein
• d-dimer
• ferritin
• interleukin-6
• lactate dehydrogenase
• neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio
• procalcitonin