De la supresión al manejo del fuego en la Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura, Chiapas: perspectivas campesinas

Abstract

Policies on firefighting within protected natural areas have shifted from a suppression approach to one of fire management, which has had consequences for the practices and perspectives of peasant populations. The study poses the question of how regulation, restriction and prohibition on the use and management of fire, whose objective is conservation, confront, transform or criminalize these practices in the parcels. From a political ecology perspective, the institutionalization of the discourse of fire in the La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas is analyzed. Through interviews, surveys and participant observation, modification of practices and peasant perspectives in the area is reconstructed. The results show that there is a differential change in the use and perception of fire, which refers to an adaptive capacity along with a sort of “environmental clientelism,” as a response to governmental environmental policies. The conclusions allow to know the way in which the inhabitants of the protected natural areas are responding to the neoliberal conservation model implemented in the country.

Keywords

• suppresion of forest fires
• biosphere reserve
• fire management
• political ecology
• environmental policy
• supresión de fuegos forestales
• reserva de la biosfera
• manejo del fuego
• ecología política
• política ambiental
• CONANP