Defining patho-anatomy of the knee in congenital longitudinal lower limb deficiencies

Abstract

Context: The osseous and soft tissue anatomy of the knee in congenital longitudinal lower limb deficiencies is important to consider, both in limb lengthening procedures and in soft tissue reconstruction. Aims: Our study aims to further define the patho-anatomy of the knee in this group of patients. Methods and Material: 24 children were reviewed clinically and radiologically. Osseous and soft tissue anatomy is described including MR imaging of 27 affected knees. Results: Our results echoed those of previous authors, with dysplasia of the menisci and cruciate ligaments a frequent finding. However, the study demonstrated that a clear correlation between the osseous anatomy and soft tissue findings was not always seen. Conclusions: MRI allows assessment of the cartilaginous epiphysis in younger children with longitudinal dysplasia and we would recommend systematic assessment of the knee prior to any surgical intervention.

Keywords

• Congenital short femur
• cruciate insufficiency
• fibula hemimelia
• knee
• proximal focal femoral deficiency