EBioMedicine (Nov 2015)
Associated Links Among Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium
- Ruyi Huang,
- Yongyue Wei,
- Rayjean J. Hung,
- Geoffrey Liu,
- Li Su,
- Ruyang Zhang,
- Xuchen Zong,
- Zuo-Feng Zhang,
- Hal Morgenstern,
- Irene Brüske,
- Joachim Heinrich,
- Yun-Chul Hong,
- Jin Hee Kim,
- Michele Cote,
- Angela Wenzlaff,
- Ann G. Schwartz,
- Isabelle Stucker,
- John Mclaughlin,
- Michael W. Marcus,
- Michael P.A. Davies,
- Triantafillos Liloglou,
- John K. Field,
- Keitaro Matsuo,
- Matt Barnett,
- Mark Thornquist,
- Gary Goodman,
- Yi Wang,
- Size Chen,
- Ping Yang,
- Eric J. Duell,
- Angeline S. Andrew,
- Philip Lazarus,
- Joshua Muscat,
- Penella Woll,
- Janet Horsman,
- M. Dawn Teare,
- Anath Flugelman,
- Gad Rennert,
- Yan Zhang,
- Hermann Brenner,
- Christa Stegmaier,
- Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden,
- Katja Aben,
- Lambertus Kiemeney,
- Juan Barros-Dios,
- Monica Pérez-Ríos,
- Alberto Ruano-Ravina,
- Neil E. Caporaso,
- Pier Alberto Bertazzi,
- Maria Teresa Landi,
- Juncheng Dai,
- Hongbing Shen,
- Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon,
- Marta Rodriguez-Suarez,
- Adonina Tardon,
- David C. Christiani
Affiliations
- Ruyi Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Yongyue Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Xuchen Zong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hal Morgenstern
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Irene Brüske
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Michele Cote
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Angela Wenzlaff
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Ann G. Schwartz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Isabelle Stucker
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Villejuif, France
- John Mclaughlin
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Michael W. Marcus
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Michael P.A. Davies
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- John K. Field
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Matt Barnett
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Mark Thornquist
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Gary Goodman
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Yi Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Size Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Ping Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Eric J. Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Angeline S. Andrew
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Philip Lazarus
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Joshua Muscat
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penella Woll
- Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Janet Horsman
- Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- M. Dawn Teare
- Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Anath Flugelman
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion, Israel
- Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion, Israel
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Christa Stegmaier
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Katja Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Lambertus Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Juan Barros-Dios
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Monica Pérez-Ríos
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neil E. Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda — Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Maria Teresa Landi
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda — Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Spain
- Marta Rodriguez-Suarez
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Spain
- David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.031
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 2,
no. 11
pp. 1677 – 1685
Abstract
Background: The high relapse and mortality rate of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) fuels the need for epidemiologic study to aid in its prevention. Methods: We included 24 studies from the ILCCO collaboration. Random-effects panel logistic regression and cubic spline regression were used to estimate the effects of smoking behaviors on SCLC risk and explore their non-linearity. Further, we explored whether the risk of smoking on SCLC was mediated through COPD. Findings: Significant dose–response relationships of SCLC risk were observed for all quantitative smoking variables. Smoking pack-years were associated with a sharper increase of SCLC risk for pack-years ranged 0 to approximately 50. The former smokers with longer cessation showed a 43%quit_for_5–9 years to 89%quit_for_≥20 years declined SCLC risk vs. subjects who had quit smoking <5 years. Compared with non-COPD subjects, smoking behaviors showed a significantly higher effect on SCLC risk among COPD subjects, and further, COPD patients showed a 1.86-fold higher risk of SCLC. Furthermore, smoking behaviors on SCLC risk were significantly mediated through COPD which accounted for 0.70% to 7.55% of total effects. Interpretation: This is the largest pooling study that provides improved understanding of smoking on SCLC, and further demonstrates a causal pathway through COPD that warrants further experimental study.
Keywords
- Smoking behaviors
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Small cell lung cancer risk
- Multicenter pooling
- Causal mediation analysis
