Perspective—Electrochemical Bio-wearables for Cortisol Monitoring

Abstract

Cortisol is a key biomarker, and its measurement has historically relied on intrusive and sporadic techniques like blood or saliva samples. The relatively recent innovation of electrochemical cortisol bio-wearables provides a revolutionary strategy by offering continuous, non-invasive monitoring. This Perspective examines the development, underlying ideas, scientific developments, and possible uses of electrochemical cortisol bio-wearables. The significance of these tools for stress research, clinical application, and individualized healthcare is also highlighted.

Keywords

• Electrochemical wearable sensors
• cortisol monitors
• biowearables
• bioreceptors
• wearable biosensors