Nanosynthesis of Silver-Calcium Glycerophosphate: Promising Association against Oral Pathogens
Gabriela Lopes Fernandes,
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem,
Jackeline Gallo do Amaral,
Luiz Fernando Gorup,
Renan Aparecido Fernandes,
Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto,
José Antonio Santos Souza,
Douglas Roberto Monteiro,
Alessandra Marçal Agostinho Hunt,
Emerson Rodrigues Camargo,
Debora Barros Barbosa
Affiliations
Gabriela Lopes Fernandes
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Jackeline Gallo do Amaral
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Luiz Fernando Gorup
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
Renan Aparecido Fernandes
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
José Antonio Santos Souza
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Douglas Roberto Monteiro
Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master´s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, São Paulo, Brazil
Alessandra Marçal Agostinho Hunt
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
Emerson Rodrigues Camargo
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
Debora Barros Barbosa
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, São Paulo, Brazil
Nanobiomaterials combining remineralization and antimicrobial abilities would bring important benefits to control dental caries. This study aimed to produce nanocompounds containing calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) by varying the reducing agent of silver nitrate (sodium borohydride (B) or sodium citrate (C)), the concentration of silver (1% or 10%), and the CaGP forms (nano or commercial), and analyze its characterization and antimicrobial activity against ATCC Candida albicans (10231) and Streptococcus mutans (25175) by the microdilution method. Controls of AgNP were produced and silver ions (Ag+) were quantified in all of the samples. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated AgNP associated with CaGP. Ag+ ions were considerably higher in AgCaGP/C. C. albicans was susceptible to nanocompounds produced with both reducing agents, regardless of Ag concentration and CaGP form, being Ag10%CaGP-N/C the most effective compound (19.5–39.0 µg Ag mL−1). While for S. mutans, the effectiveness was observed only for AgCaGP reduced by citrate, also presenting Ag10%CaGP-N the highest effectiveness (156.2–312.5 µg Ag mL−1). Notably, CaGP enhanced the silver antimicrobial potential in about two- and eight-fold against C. albicans and S. mutans when compared with the AgNP controls (from 7.8 to 3.9 and from 250 to 31.2 µg Ag mL−1, respectively). The synthesis that was used in this study promoted the formation of AgNP associated with CaGP, and although the use of sodium borohydride (B) resulted in a pronounced reduction of Ag+, the composite AgCaGP/B was less effective against the microorganisms that were tested.
