Spatial-temporal variations of stroke mortality worldwide from 2000 to 2021

Abstract

Abstract Background Stroke is a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Spatial-temporal characteristics are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. However, long-term global variations of stroke are still lacking. Objective To identify the characteristics of the global spatial distribution of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) due to stroke during 2000–2021, thereby informing the efficient allocation of global health care resources. Methods Based on age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) due to stroke from the Global Health Estimates database, we analyzed stroke variation from 2000 to 2021 in 183 countries worldwide using Moran’s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, and Standard Deviation Ellipse. We stratified the 183 countries into different income groups according to World Bank classification to identify the socioeconomic influence on stroke mortality. Results The result showed that ① From 2000 to 2021, the number of stroke deaths increased worldwide, but the AMSR due to stroke showed a downward trend; ② The spatial distribution of the global AMSR due to stroke varies across geographic regions. with the highest in Asia and southern Africa, and the lowest in Europe and North America; ③ The spatial pattern of hot and cold spots of AMSR due to stroke remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2021, with the greatest changes in Africa and Asia; ④ Generally, countries belong to higher economic groups have lower stroke mortality rate, and this pattern persisted throughout the study period. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence on spatial variations of stroke mortality worldwide over 20 years, and are informative on evidence-based allocation of medical resources globally. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Keywords

• Stroke
• Spatial analysis
• Stroke mortality
• Spatial-temporal variations