Modeling inflation rate factors on present consumption price index in Ethiopia: threshold autoregressive models approach

Abstract

Abstract Background Inflation is the industrious and non-stop ascent in the overall prices of any given commodity in an economy. During the global food crisis, Ethiopia experienced an unprecedented increase in inflation ranked the highest in Africa. It is among the most macroeconomic variable described nonlinear behavior. Objective The main purpose of this study was intended to modeling inflation rate factors on present consumption price index (CPI) in Ethiopia: using the threshold autoregressive (TAR) models. Methods The study was utilized the secondary data collected from monthly data of CPI for inflation rate from January 1994 to December 2020 which was obtained from central statistical Agency. The forecast was applied between the nonlinear and linear ARMA models using different techniques. The unit root test of Dickey–Fuller test was made for each variables and applied lag length transformation for the variables that had unit root. A threshold autoregressive models was utilized for data handling technique using least square estimation. Results The results showed that monthly rate of inflation was characterized a non-constant mean and an unstable variance. The outcome of Tsay tests was revealed that non linearity of CPI and SETAR(2,4,4) had the smallest value of AIC under this study. The forecasting performance comparison results were showed that the nonlinear SETAR model outperform the linear ARMA models. Moreover, the out-of-sample forecast indicates that the CPI of inflation has almost a constant trend. The in-sample forecast using the best-fit asymmetric for the SETAR(2,4,4) model the CPI series exhibits an upward trade until 2012; decreases until 2011; slightly increase up to 2018 and then decrease at the end of the study period. Conclusion The superiority in performance of nonlinear models was attributed to their ability to capture the stochastic nature of the monthly rates as evident in the pattern of the forecast errors. The investigators are recommended that using TAR models policy makers can be able to capture the price volatility persistence and also forecasting can be made.

Keywords

• Inflation rate
• CPI
• Stationary
• Nonlinear models
• TAR models
• Ethiopia