Atrial electromechanical delay in post-COVID-19 postural orthostatic tachycardia: Innocent bystander or pathologic factor

Abstract

Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome represents a wide range of ongoing symptoms that persist beyond weeks or even months, after recovery from the acute phase. Postural orthostatic tachycardia (POT) is one of these symptoms with a poorly recognized underlying pathophysiology. Purpose: We aimed to investigate atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD), demonstrated by electrocardiographic P wave dispersion (PWD) and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) in patients with POST-COVID-19 POT (PCPOT). Methods: 94 post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled and classified into two groups; PCPOT group, 34 (36.1%) patients, and normal heart rate (NR group), 60 (63.9%) patients. 31.9% of them were males and 68.1% were females, with a mean age of 35 ± 9 years. Both groups were compared in terms of PWD and AEMD. Results: As compared to the NR group, the PCPOT group showed a significant increase in PWD (49 ± 6 versus 25.6 ± 7.8, p < 0.001), higher CRP (37 ± 9 versus 30 ± 6, p = 0.04), prolonged left-atrial EMD, right-atrial EMD and inter-atrial EMD at (p = 0.006, 0.001, 0.002 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that P wave dispersion (β 0.505, CI (0.224–1.138), p = 0.023), PA lateral (β 0.357, CI (0.214–0.697), p = 0.005), PA septal (β 0.651, CI. (0.325–0.861), p = 0.021), and intra-left atrial EMD (β 0.535, CI (0.353–1.346) p < 0.012) were independent predictors of PCPOT. Conclusion: Atrial heterogenicity in the form of prolonged AEMD and PWD seems to be a reasonable underlying pathophysiology of PCPOT. This could provide a new concern during the management and novel pharmacological approaches in these patients.

Keywords

• Post-COVID-19 syndrome
• Atrial electromechanical delay
• P wave dispersion
• Postural orthostatic tachycardia