Optimising graft survival in endothelial keratoplasty for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus endotheliitis

Abstract

Abstract Background There is limited information regarding Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for endothelial failure secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis. Treatment is difficult with high recurrence rates. We describe a case when systemic valganciclovir therapy is directed by aqueous CMV-DNA levels, leading to good graft survival. Findings A 59-year-old male with bilateral CMV endotheliitis despite antiviral therapy developed endothelial failure and underwent DSAEK. Prior to surgery, aqueous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV was repeatedly performed, where CMV-positive episodes were treated with systemic valganciclovir. Monthly aqueous analysis was performed until CMV-DNA was undetectable before DSAEK was performed. Post-operative prophylactic systemic valganciclovir treatment was instituted and switched to topical valganciclovir treatment when aqueous samples were negative for CMV. Conclusion Targeted aqueous sampling for CMV-DNA perioperatively guides antiviral therapy and ensures adequacy of treatment, minimising the duration of systemic valganciclovir therapy to reduce adverse effects of long-term treatment.

Keywords

• Cytomegalovirus endotheliitis
• Endothelial failure
• Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, Aqueous polymerase chain reaction