Phytochemical and antibacterial investigations on the extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark

Abstract

This research work is aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, antibacterial potentials of the Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark extracts. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were obtained using soxhlet extraction method. The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of phytochemicals by standard methods. Agar diffusion and agar dilution methods were used to evaluate the preliminary antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts The presence of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins was found in the ethyl acetate extract with the absence of saponins and glycoside. Alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids were all found in the methanol extract of the sample. At 100 mg/mL, methanol extract had IZD ranged from 08-20 mm and MIC 3.125 – 25 mg/mL against all the test organisms whereas the ethyl acetate extract had IZD ranged 09-11 mm and MIC 25 mg/mL against four of the test organisms. The antibacterial activity shown by the extracts may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals identified in the extracts. This corroborates the folkloric uses of the plant part in the treatment of various infectious diseases.

Keywords

• Chrysophyllum albidum
• Phytoconstituents
• Antibacterial activity
• Extraction