Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Abstract To determine quantitative differences between weight loss and changes in clinic blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory BP in patients with obesity or overweight, the authors performed a meta‐analysis. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to June 2022. Studies that compared clinic or ambulatory BP with weight loss were included. A random effect model was applied to pool the differences between clinic BP and ambulatory BP. Thirty‐five studies, for a total of 3219 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly reduced by 5.79 mmHg (95% CI, 3.54–8.05) and 3.36 mmHg (95% CI, 1.93–4.75) after a mean body mass index (BMI) reduction of 2.27 kg/m2, and the SBP and DBP were significantly reduced by 6.65 mmHg (95% CI, 5.16–8.14) and 3.63 mmHg (95% CI, 2.03–5.24) after a mean BMI reduction of 4.12 kg/m2. The BP reductions were much larger in patients with a BMI decrease ≥3 kg/m2 than in patients with less BMI decrease, both for clinic SBP [8.54 mmHg (95% CI, 4.62–12.47)] versus [3.83 mmHg (95% CI, 1.22–6.45)] and clinic DBP [3.45 mmHg (95% CI, 1.59–5.30)] versus [3.15 mmHg (95% CI, 1.21–5.10)]. The significant reduction of the clinic and ambulatory BP followed the weight loss, and this phenomenon could be more notable after medical intervention and a larger weight loss.

Keywords

• ambulatory blood pressure/home blood pressure
• BMI
• clinic blood pressure
• obesity
• weight loss