Infective Endocarditis Due to <i>Kingella kingae</i>

Abstract

Infective endocarditis due to Kingella kingae is a rare but serious invasive infection that occurs mostly in children. Recent advances in nucleic acid amplification testing as well as in cardiac imaging have enabled more accurate diagnosis. A good understanding of the epidemiology and virulence factors remains crucial to guide the therapeutic approach. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge on epidemiological features, pathophysiological insights, complications, and therapy regarding Kingella kingae endocarditis in children and adults. Finally, throughout this comprehensive review, knowledge gaps and areas for future research are also identified.

Keywords

• infective endocarditis
• invasive infection
• <i>Kingella kingae</i>
• children
• cardiac imaging
• cardiac surgery