A Synergistic Effect of Phthalimide-Substituted Sulfanyl Porphyrazines and Carbon Nanotubes to Improve the Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Michal Falkowski,
Amanda Leda,
Tomasz Rebis,
Jaroslaw Piskorz,
Lukasz Popenda,
Mina Hassani,
Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk,
Michal P. Marszall,
Grzegorz Milczarek
Affiliations
Michal Falkowski
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Amanda Leda
Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Tomasz Rebis
Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Jaroslaw Piskorz
Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
Lukasz Popenda
NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
Mina Hassani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
Michal P. Marszall
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Grzegorz Milczarek
Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
A sulfanyl porphyrazine derivative with peripheral phthalimide moieties was metallated with cobalt(II) and iron(II) metal ions. The purity of the macrocycles was confirmed by HPLC, and subsequently, compounds were characterized using various analytical methods (ES-TOF, MALDI-TOF, UV–VIS, and NMR spectroscopy). To obtain hybrid electroactive electrode materials, novel porphyrazines were combined with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrocatalytic effect derived from cobalt(II) and iron(II) cations was evaluated. As a result, a significant decrease in the overpotential was observed compared with that obtained with bare glassy carbon (GC) or glassy carbon electrode/carbon nanotubes (GC/MWCNTs), which allowed for sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide in neutral conditions (pH 7.4). The prepared sensor enables a linear response to H2O2 concentrations of 1–90 µM. A low detection limit of 0.18 μM and a high sensitivity of 640 μA mM−1 cm−2 were obtained. These results indicate that the obtained sensors could potentially be applied in biomedical and environmental fields.
