Phenytoin as the first option in female epileptic patients?

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Phenytoin (PHT) is one of the first-choice drugs in several epileptic syndromes, mostly in partial epilepsies, in which case it is effective as carbamazepine and phenobarbital. However, like any other anti-epileptic drug (AED), unpleasant side-effects are not rare. The aim of this study is the evaluation of dermatological troubles related to chronic PHT usage in female patients. METHOD: Between 1990-93, 731 new patients underwent investigation for epilepsy at the Multidisciplinary Clinic for Epilepsy in our State. In this sample 283 were AED users at the time of the first assessment. Sixty one female patients taking PHT were identified. They were taking PHT in a dosage ranging from 100 to 300 mg daily, in mono or polytherapy regimen, during 1-5 previous years. RESULTS: More than 50% of the sample showed coarse facial features made by the combination of several degrees of acne, hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Except in emergency situations, PHT should not be prescribed as the first option to the treatment of female epileptic patients, because not uncommonly the cosmetic side-effects are more socially handicapping than the epileptic syndrome by itself.

Keywords

• epilepsy
• phenytoin
• gingival hyperplasia
• hirsutism