偏甘油酯脂肪酶的研究进展及应用现状Research progress and application status of partial glyceride lipase

Abstract

相较于甘油三酯脂肪酶，偏甘油酯脂肪酶因其独特的底物选择性和催化高效性，逐渐成为相关领域的研究热点。旨在为偏甘油酯脂肪酶在油脂加工、脂质分子的定向合成等领域的研究提供理论和技术参考，并为挖掘新型的偏甘油酯脂肪酶打下基础，首先对偏甘油酯脂肪酶的来源和分类进行介绍，随后阐述了偏甘油酯脂肪酶的结构特征和催化特性，最后对其应用现状进行了总结归纳和展望。偏甘油酯脂肪酶有动物来源、植物来源和微生物来源，分为甘油单酯脂肪酶和甘油单酯-甘油二酯脂肪酶；偏甘油酯脂肪酶有帽区、催化三联体和氧负离子洞穴等结构，具有底物特异性和位置特异性；偏甘油酯脂肪酶在食品、有机合成、医疗等领域有着广泛的应用和独特的发展潜力。Compared with triglyceride lipase, partial glyceride lipase has gradually become a hot research focus in related fields due to its unique substrate selectivity and high catalytic efficiency. In order to provide theoretical and technical references for the research of partial glyceride lipase in the fields of oil processing and directed synthesis of lipids, and lay a foundation for excavating new partial glyceride lipase, firstly, the source and classification of partial glyceride lipase were introduced; subsequently, the structural and catalytic characteristics of partial glyceride lipase were expounded; finally its application status was summarized and prospected. Partial glyceride lipase comes from animal, plant and microbe, and is divided into monoacyglyceride lipase and glycerol mono-and diglyceride lipase. Partial glyceride lipase has structures of a cap region, catalytic triplet, and oxygen anion cave, and it has substrate specificity and site specificity. Partial glyceride lipase has extensive applications and unique development potential in fields such as food, organic synthesis, and medicine.

Keywords

• 偏甘油酯脂肪酶；结构特征；催化特性；油脂脱酸；生物柴油
• partial glyceride lipase; structure characteristics; catalytic characteristics; oil deacidification; biodiesel