Dance with the Devil: Stress Granules and Signaling in Antiviral Responses
Nina Eiermann,
Katharina Haneke,
Zhaozhi Sun,
Georg Stoecklin,
Alessia Ruggieri
Affiliations
Nina Eiermann
Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
Katharina Haneke
Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
Zhaozhi Sun
Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Georg Stoecklin
Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
Alessia Ruggieri
Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Cells have evolved highly specialized sentinels that detect viral infection and elicit an antiviral response. Among these, the stress-sensing protein kinase R, which is activated by double-stranded RNA, mediates suppression of the host translation machinery as a strategy to limit viral replication. Non-translating mRNAs rapidly condensate by phase separation into cytosolic stress granules, together with numerous RNA-binding proteins and components of signal transduction pathways. Growing evidence suggests that the integrated stress response, and stress granules in particular, contribute to antiviral defense. This review summarizes the current understanding of how stress and innate immune signaling act in concert to mount an effective response against virus infection, with a particular focus on the potential role of stress granules in the coordination of antiviral signaling cascades.
