پژوهشهای زراعی ایران (Dec 2020)
Yield and Water Use Efficiency for Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a Medicinal Plant in Mashhad Condition
Abstract
Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a member of Malvaceae family is a subtropical medicinal plant. This plant is self-pollinated and sensitive to cold. Bolls of Roselle are used in food and pharmaceutical industries. One of the most important purpose to achieve high quality and quantity yield is evaluation of nutritional systems and irrigation management for plants. The use of chemicals in the production of medicinal plants in addition to environmental pollution, decreases the quality of drug. Furthermore, sustainable agriculture, by replacing organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers, increasing the efficiency of inputs such as water, and fertility and soil health, preserving the environment and increasing product quality and protect resources. Drought stress is one of the most important problems in crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Effective management of nutrition and irrigation and planting of drought resistant plants is one of the effective proceeding to increase water use efficiency in semi-arid regions. Roselle is relatively drought-tolerant plants, so that cultivation of this plant is common in Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. So, studying the ecological and agronomic needs of this plant in new areas is important. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and yield components of this plant in response to application of nutritional resources and irrigation management. Materials and Methods: In order to study the yield and water use efficiency for Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was conducted with 12 treatments as strip plot based on complete block design with three replications at Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in year 2014-2015. Experimental factors included: nutritional management in four levels (chemical fertilizer, cow manure, cow manure+ chemical fertilizer and control) and irrigation management in three level (30, 70 and 100% of water requirement of Roselle). Roselle seeds were planted in seedling trays at greenhouse in February 2014. Then seedlings transferred to field in last April 2015. The distance between rows and plants were 75 and 25 cm, respectively. Chemical fertilizer (150, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 Triple super phosphate, Potassium sulfate and Urea, respectively), and cow manure (32 ton.ha-1) were used at depth of 30 cm. Then, different water requirement of Roselle is determined and the water volume of irrigation will be recorded in each irrigation cycle by the contour, furthermore, water use efficiency was calculated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using of Minitab Ver.16. Also, means comparison were compared by Duncan multiple range test at 5% level. Results and Discussion: Results indicated significant effects of treatments on most of the traits of Roselle. The maximum plant height (89.3 cm), number of lateral branch (6. 6 number), dry sepal yield (860.1 kg.ha-1), biomass yield (7197 kg.ha-1), harvest index (11.9%) and water use efficiency based on bolls and biomass yield (0.11 and 0.89 kg.m3) of Roselle obtained in cow manure + chemical fertilizer treatment. Also, providing of 100% of the plant's water requirement induced the highest height (91.5 cm), number of bolls on main and lateral branch (20.0 and 47.5 number), sepal yield (672.7 kg.ha-1) and biomass yield (6944 kg.ha-1) of Roselle. Combined application compared to single application of nutritional sources increased 16, 18, 35, 20 and 20%, respectively, height, number of lateral branches, bolls yield, biomass yield and harvest index of Roselle. Furthermore, results of interaction effects showed that application of cow manure + chemical fertilizer with providing of 100% of the plant's water requirement obtained the maximum number of lateral branch (8.5 number), bolls yield (934 kg.ha-1) and biomass yield (7920 kg.ha-1) of Roselle. The highest amount of water use efficiency based on sepal and biomass yield (0.2 and 1.5 kg.m3) obtained by application of cow manure + chemical fertilizer and providing of 30% of the plant's water requirement. Conclusions: Totally, results showed that combined application and providing of 100% of the plant's water requirement improved the most traits of Roselle. Also, combined application of nutritional sources decreased water consumption and increased water use efficiency.
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