Depressive disorders of working Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2022)

Abstract

Background The problem of the intensification of mental disorders, including depressive disorders, is well documented in the world, but in Poland data on this subject are still insufficient. It can be assumed that the worldwide increase in mental health problems resulting from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the winter of 2019 could also change the current statistics with regard to depressive disorders occurring in Poland. Material and Methods Longitudinal studies diagnosing depressive disorders were carried out on a representative group of 1112 Poles working in various occupations, employed on the basis of various types of employment contracts in the period January–February 2021, and a year later. During the first measurement of depressive disorders, the respondents were also asked to retrospectively assess the severity of these disorders in the early autumn of 2019, i.e., 6 months before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 (PHQ-9). Results The results of the research presented in the article indicate a significant increase in the level of depression among working Poles in the period 2019–2022, as well as an exacerbation of the severity of its symptoms, probably resulting from the outbreak of the pandemic. However, in the years 2021–2022, a growing level of depression was observed only among working women, less educated people, people engaged in physical and mental work, as well as people with less stable employment (temporary work contracts, specific-task contracts and fixed-term contracts). Conclusions Due to the high individual, organizational and social costs that generate depressive disorders, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive depression prevention strategy, including programs to prevent these disorders in the workplace. This need applies in particular to working women, people with lower social capital and those with less stable type of employment. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):41–51

Keywords

• depressive disorders
• sickness absence
• depression prevention
• the covid-19 pandemic
• employment contract
• phq-9