COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND GROSS ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR AND SUPRAORBITAL REGIONS OF ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the detailed surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular and supraorbital regions in camels using anatomical dissection and computed tomography (CT) scanning. The study aimed to provide precise anatomical descriptions and assess the feasibility of surgical interventions within the orbital cavity via the orbital fossa. Materials and Methods: Twelve camel skulls and three fresh cadaveric heads of adult camels were procured from the faculty’s morgue and a local abattoir, respectively. Descriptive anatomy of the skull and surgical anatomy of the temporo-orbital region were meticulously examined. Additionally, computed tomography of the heads was conducted to augment the dataset. Results were systematically documented to evaluate the applicability, feasibility, and safety of the orbital fossa approach to the orbital cavity. Results: The temporal fossa of the camel was found to be significantly expansive, extending rostrally to a sizable orbital fossa. The external lining of the orbital fossa comprised skin and a subjacent thick fascia. Notably, no essential muscles or vital structures were identified. The posterior orbital cavity housed a substantial periorbital fat mass, and upon its removal, a clear and safe visual access to the ocular structures was achieved, facilitating ease of approach. Conclusion: The orbital fossa approach was determined to be feasible and safe, enabling the performance of various surgical procedures, including enucleation, exenteration, periorbital tumor removal, prosthetic implantation, and other interventions. This approach promises enhanced cosmetic outcomes in the execution of such procedures.

Keywords

• enucleation
• camel
• orbital surgery
• temporal fossa