APL Materials (Jul 2017)

Research Update: Nanogenerators for self-powered autonomous wireless sensors

  • Usman Khan,
  • Ronan Hinchet,
  • Hanjun Ryu,
  • Sang-Woo Kim

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4979954
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 5, no. 7
pp. 073803 – 073803-13

Abstract

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Largely distributed networks of sensors based on the small electronics have great potential for health care, safety, and environmental monitoring. However, in order to have a maintenance free and sustainable operation, such wireless sensors have to be self-powered. Among various energies present in our environment, mechanical energy is widespread and can be harvested for powering the sensors. Piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (NGs) have been recently introduced for mechanical energy harvesting. Here we introduce the architecture and operational modes of self-powered autonomous wireless sensors. Thereafter, we review the piezoelectric and triboelectric NGs focusing on their working mechanism, structures, strategies, and materials.