Revista Colombiana de Cardiología (Jan 2006)
Valvuloplastia pulmonar percutánea con balón. Resultados y seguimiento a corto y mediano plazo Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty with balloon. Results and short and medium term follow up
Abstract
Objetivo: evaluar los resultados y el seguimiento a 10 años de la valvuloplastia pulmonar percutánea en una institución. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de 187 pacientes con estenosis valvular pulmonar, a quienes se les realizó valvuloplastia percutánea con balón entre 1995 y 2005. El procedimiento fue clasificado como exitoso cuando el gradiente transvalvular pulmonar disminuyó a Objective: to assess the results and 10 years follow-up of percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty in an institution. Methods: retrospective, descriptive study of 187 patients with pulmonary stenosis to whom a valvuloplasty with balloon was performed between 1995 and 2005. The procedure was classified as successful when the transvalvular pulmonary gradient diminished to 30 mm Hg, by echocardiography, after an effective procedure. Results: 192 valvuloplasties were performed in 187 patients, 51.9% male, mean age between 3.1 ± 3.8 years (between 1 day and 21 years) and mean weight 13.18 ± 11.14 kg (2.5 to 55 Kg). 11.7% of the patients were newborns, 22.5% were critical stenosis and 27.8% were associated to congenital cardiopathy. 95.2% of valvuloplasties were successful with significant reduction of the transvalvular gradient from 63.32 ± 28.05 mm Hg to 9.57 ±10.41 mm Hg (p=0.000) and from the right ventricular systolic pressure from 84.09 ± 28.91 mm Hg to 39.89 ±16.98 mm Hg (p=0.000). It was found a relation between the presence of an associated cardiopathy and the need of a second valvuloplasty (p=0.000), as well as between the performance of surgery (p=0.000) and the presence of restenosis (p=0.000). There were complications in 17 patients, being the embolic phenomena the most frequent ones. Only a newborn with critical stenosis and cardiogenic shock previous to the procedure, died. Follow-up of 129 patients (68.7%) between 1 month and 9.5 years (mean age 1.73 ± 2.41 years) was realized. Significant restenosis was presented in 24 (18.6%) patients, moderate in 13 and severe in 11. Restenosis was related to a lesser diameter in the pulmonary ring (p=0.006) and with valvular dysplasia (p=0.011). No significant relationship between restenosis and patient’s age in the first valvuloplasty (p=0.607), the use of a balloon (p=0.053), the relationship balloon / ring (p=0.108) or the gradient post valvuloplasty (p=0.559) was found. There was a clear relationship between the presence of isolated valvular stenosis and a lesser frequency of restenosis (p=0.000). Five patients (2.6%) required a second valvuloplasty. No relationship was found between valvular dysplasia, the initial transvalvular gradient, the residual gradient, the balloon/ring relation or the antecedent of previous surgery or valvuloplasty, with the need of a second valvuloplasty. Ten patients underwent surgery, all of them with an associated cardiopathy. In 97 (51.8%) patients, pulmonary insufficiency was found. In 96.9% it was trivial or minor, in 2.1% moderate and only in 1% it was severe. 60% of the patients, who were followed up, remain free from events (restenosis) after five years. In patients with stenosis alone, this percentage is 80% with a statistical significant difference respect to those with an associated cardiopathy (p=0.000) The events-free survival when comparing critical patients with the non-critical ones, does not show a significant difference (p=0.850) and there was neither a difference for the newborns (p=0.752).
