The Influence of Mechanical Bowel Preparation on Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Gastrointestinal Disease—A Systematic Review
Ashwin Krishnamoorthy,
Subashini Chandrapalan,
Sofie Bosch,
Ayman Bannaga,
Nanne K.H. De Boer,
Tim G.J. De Meij,
Marcis Leja,
George B. Hanna,
Nicoletta De Vietro,
Donato Altomare,
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Affiliations
Ashwin Krishnamoorthy
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
Subashini Chandrapalan
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
Sofie Bosch
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ayman Bannaga
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
Nanne K.H. De Boer
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tim G.J. De Meij
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma’s Children Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Marcis Leja
Institute of Clinical and Preventative Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
George B. Hanna
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Nicoletta De Vietro
Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
Donato Altomare
Department of Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
(1) Background: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer deaths worldwide; recently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of this disease. In this paper, we aim to identify and review the available literature on the influence of mechanical bowel preparation on VOC production and measurement. (2) Methods: A systematic search for studies was carried out for articles relevant to mechanical bowel preparation and its effects on volatile organic compounds. A total of 4 of 1349 papers initially derived from the search were selected. (3) Results: Two studies with a total of 134 patients found no difference in measured breath VOC profiles after bowel preparation; one other study found an increase in breath acetone in 61 patients after bowel preparation, but no other compounds were affected. Finally, the last study showed the alteration of urinary VOC profiles. (4) Conclusions: There is limited data on the effect of bowel preparation on VOC production in the body. As further studies of VOCs are conducted in patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal disease, the quantification of the effect of bowel preparation on their abundance is required.
