Revista de Saúde Pública (Feb 2003)
Vivências da maternidade na adolescência precoce Experiencing motherhood in early adolescence
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Embora pouco estudada no Brasil, a maternidade na adolescência de 10 a 14 anos é considerada não desejada e problema de saúde pública. A maior parte dos estudos tem o conceitual crono-biomédico como marco teórico, e poucos abordam esta questão a partir do olhar do sujeito. O estudo realizado teve por objetivo explorar padrões e desvendar as diferentes formas de vivenciar a maternidade na adolescência precoce a partir da subjetividade da própria adolescente. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se a metodologia Q de William Stephenson. Captadas em dois serviços públicos de saúde materno-infantil no Município do Rio de Janeiro, 20 adolescentes que ficaram grávidas entre 10 e 14 anos de idade foram estudadas em período de seis a 24 meses após o nascimento de seus respectivos filhos. Os Q-sorts foram submetidos a análise fatorial, e os fatores obtidos foram interpretados. RESULTADOS: Foram revelados quatro padrões de percepção, qualitativa e estatisticamente diferentes (pOBJECTIVE: Although still scarcely studied in Brazil, motherhood in early adolescence among girls aged 10 to 14 years is mostly unwanted and it is an important public health issue. Most investigations are based on biomedical paradigms and few take into consideration the adolescent's point of view. This study aimed to explore the different patterns of experiencing early motherhood from the adolescent's own point of view. METHODS: William Stephenson's Q methodology was applied. The study population was selected from 2 public mother and child health units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and comprised 20 adolescents who became pregnant at the age of 10 to 14 years and were followed up for a period of 6 to 24 months after giving birth. Q-sorts underwent factor analysis and then the factors were interpreted. RESULTS: Four qualitatively and statistically (p<0.01) perception patterns were found. Two factors were well defined: Factor I - Satisfied with motherhood/ Dependent on the child's affection: motherhood is a positive and rich experience; and Factor II - Depressed/ Stressed out: motherhood is a negative and stressful experience. Other two potential factors need confirmation in further studies with a larger sample size. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that motherhood's experience is distinct and heterogeneous. For some adolescents, motherhood could be a rewarding experience
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