Rice Residue-Based Biochar Mitigates N<sub>2</sub>O Emission from Acid Red Soil
Muhammad Aamer,
Muhammad Bilal Chattha,
Athar Mahmood,
Maria Naqve,
Muhammad Umair Hassan,
Muhammad Shaaban,
Fahd Rasul,
Maria Batool,
Adnan Rasheed,
Haiying Tang,
Zhong Chuan,
Jinhua Shao,
Guoqin Huang
Affiliations
Muhammad Aamer
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Muhammad Bilal Chattha
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Athar Mahmood
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Maria Naqve
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Umair Hassan
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Muhammad Shaaban
Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
Fahd Rasul
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Maria Batool
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Adnan Rasheed
Key Labortory of Crops Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Haiying Tang
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Zhong Chuan
College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Jinhua Shao
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Guoqin Huang
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
Biochar application is considered an effective approach to mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. However, the mechanisms of biochar to mitigate N2O emissions from acidic red soils are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to underpin mechanisms associated with rice residue-based biochar in mitigating N2O emissions from acid soils. Soil treated with different rates of biochar control, from 1%, 2%, and 3%, and different soil properties, including soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), NH4+-N, NO3−-N, genes abundance (nosZ, nirK, AOA, and AOB), and enzymatic activities ((nitrate reductase (NR) and urease (UR)) were studied. The application of 3% biochar increased the soil pH (5.21–6.48), MBC (565–685 mg/kg), NO3−-N contents (24.23–44.5 mg/kg), genes abundance (nosZ, nirK, AOA, and AOB) and UR activity. The highest N2O emission (43.60 μg kg−1) was recorded and compared with the application of 1% (26.3 μg kg−1), 2% (18.33 μg kg−1), and 3% biochar (8.13 μg kg−1). Applying 3% biochar effectively reduced the N2O emission due to increased soil pH, MBC, NO3−-N contents, genes abundance (nosZ, nirK, AOA, and AOB), and weakened NH4+-N and NR activities. Therefore, increasing soil pH, genes abundance, and weakened nitrification following the addition of rice residue-based biochar can effectively reduce the N2O emissions from acidic red soils.
