Heart Vessels and Transplantation (Dec 2024)
The effect of an isolated fat diet on the blood vessels of the rat´s brain (experimental randomized study)
Abstract
Objective: Epidemiological studies show that recently there has been an increase in the number of cerebrovascular diseases and the mortality rate among the population. This trend is associated with a changing of metabolic processes in the body, in particular lipid metabolism, caused by an unbalanced high-calorie diet. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an isolated fat diet on lactate blood level and histomorphological changes in microcirculation of the rats` brain. Methods: The design of the study is experimental randomized. The study was conducted on sexually mature 7-8 months old lineal Wistar male rats, which were randomly divided into 2 groups – control (n=10) and experimental (n=9). The rats of the experimental group 1 ("isolated fat diet") were fed a diet consisting of fat-tailed sheep for 30 days. The control group was on a standard vivarium diet. Animal weight gain, serum lactate levels and histomorphological changes in the blood vessels of the brain regions of experimental animals were observed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the t-test for independent and paired samples. Results: No increase in total weight was observed in the animals of the experimental group, on the contrary, weight loss in rats was noted (p<0.001). During the experiment, a 2.1-fold increase in lactate levels was verified in animals of the experimental group (p<0.001). An unbalanced diet led to a number of pathological changes of the structural integrity of the wall of the microvessels of the rat brain, which promoted a slowdown in blood flow and blood cells aggregation and, ultimately lead to the development of blood clots. Conclusion: The obtained experimental data show changes in lipid metabolism and vascular remodeling of the microcirculatory bed of the rat brain due to increased fat intake.
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