Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences (Nov 2023)
Heliophysics and amateur radio: citizen science collaborations for atmospheric, ionospheric, and space physics research and operations
- Nathaniel A. Frissell,
- Nathaniel A. Frissell,
- Nathaniel A. Frissell,
- John R. Ackermann,
- John R. Ackermann,
- Jesse N. Alexander,
- Jesse N. Alexander,
- Robert L. Benedict,
- William C. Blackwell,
- Rachel K. Boedicker,
- Rachel K. Boedicker,
- Stephen A. Cerwin,
- Kristina V. Collins,
- Kristina V. Collins,
- Scott H. Cowling,
- Scott H. Cowling,
- Chris Deacon,
- Chris Deacon,
- Devin M. Diehl,
- Devin M. Diehl,
- Francesca Di Mare,
- Francesca Di Mare,
- Timothy J. Duffy,
- Timothy J. Duffy,
- Laura Brandt Edson,
- Laura Brandt Edson,
- William D. Engelke,
- William D. Engelke,
- James O. Farmer,
- Rachel M. Frissell,
- Rachel M. Frissell,
- Robert B. Gerzoff,
- John Gibbons,
- John Gibbons,
- Gwyn Griffiths,
- Sverre Holm,
- Sverre Holm,
- Frank M. Howell,
- Frank M. Howell,
- Stephen R. Kaeppler,
- Stephen R. Kaeppler,
- George Kavanagh,
- David Kazdan,
- David Kazdan,
- Hyomin Kim,
- Hyomin Kim,
- David R. Larsen,
- David R. Larsen,
- David R. Larsen,
- Vincent E. Ledvina,
- Vincent E. Ledvina,
- William Liles,
- William Liles,
- Sam Lo,
- Michael A. Lombardi,
- Michael A. Lombardi,
- Elizabeth A. MacDonald,
- Elizabeth A. MacDonald,
- Julius Madey,
- Julius Madey,
- Thomas C. McDermott,
- Thomas C. McDermott,
- David G. McGaw,
- David G. McGaw,
- Robert W. McGwier,
- Robert W. McGwier,
- Gary A. Mikitin,
- Ethan S. Miller,
- Ethan S. Miller,
- Cathryn Mitchell,
- Cathryn Mitchell,
- Aidan Montare,
- Aidan Montare,
- Cuong D. Nguyen,
- Cuong D. Nguyen,
- Cuong D. Nguyen,
- Peter N. Nordberg,
- Gareth W. Perry,
- Gareth W. Perry,
- Gerard N. Piccini,
- Gerard N. Piccini,
- Stanley W. Pozerski,
- Robert H. Reif,
- Jonathan D. Rizzo,
- Robert S. Robinett,
- Veronica I. Romanek,
- Veronica I. Romanek,
- Simal Sami,
- Simal Sami,
- Diego F. Sanchez,
- Diego F. Sanchez,
- Muhammad Shaaf Sarwar,
- Muhammad Shaaf Sarwar,
- Jay A. Schwartz,
- H. Lawrence Serra,
- H. Ward Silver,
- Tamitha Mulligan Skov,
- Tamitha Mulligan Skov,
- David A. Swartz,
- David R. Themens,
- David R. Themens,
- David R. Themens,
- Francis H. Tholley,
- Francis H. Tholley,
- Mary Lou West,
- Mary Lou West,
- Ronald C. Wilcox,
- David Witten,
- David Witten,
- Ben A. Witvliet,
- Ben A. Witvliet,
- Nisha Yadav,
- Nisha Yadav
Affiliations
- Nathaniel A. Frissell
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Nathaniel A. Frissell
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Nathaniel A. Frissell
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- John R. Ackermann
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- John R. Ackermann
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- Jesse N. Alexander
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Jesse N. Alexander
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Robert L. Benedict
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- William C. Blackwell
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Rachel K. Boedicker
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Rachel K. Boedicker
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Stephen A. Cerwin
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Kristina V. Collins
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Kristina V. Collins
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, United States
- Scott H. Cowling
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Scott H. Cowling
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- Chris Deacon
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Chris Deacon
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Devin M. Diehl
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Devin M. Diehl
- Department of Computing Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Francesca Di Mare
- Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Francesca Di Mare
- 0NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- Timothy J. Duffy
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Timothy J. Duffy
- 1DX Engineering, Tallmadge, OH, United States
- Laura Brandt Edson
- Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Laura Brandt Edson
- 0NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- William D. Engelke
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- William D. Engelke
- 2Center for Advanced Public Safety, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- James O. Farmer
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Rachel M. Frissell
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Rachel M. Frissell
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Robert B. Gerzoff
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- John Gibbons
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- John Gibbons
- 3Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Gwyn Griffiths
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Sverre Holm
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Sverre Holm
- 4Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Frank M. Howell
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Frank M. Howell
- 5Department of Sociology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
- Stephen R. Kaeppler
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Stephen R. Kaeppler
- 6Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- George Kavanagh
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David Kazdan
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David Kazdan
- 3Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Hyomin Kim
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Hyomin Kim
- 7Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- David R. Larsen
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David R. Larsen
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- David R. Larsen
- 8School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Vincent E. Ledvina
- Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Vincent E. Ledvina
- 9Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
- William Liles
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- William Liles
- 0Liles Innovations, LLC, Reston, VA, United States
- Sam Lo
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Lombardi
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Michael A. Lombardi
- 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States
- Elizabeth A. MacDonald
- Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- Elizabeth A. MacDonald
- 0NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- Julius Madey
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Julius Madey
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- Thomas C. McDermott
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Thomas C. McDermott
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- David G. McGaw
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David G. McGaw
- 2Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Robert W. McGwier
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Robert W. McGwier
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Gary A. Mikitin
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Ethan S. Miller
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Ethan S. Miller
- 3STR, Beavercreek, OH, United States
- Cathryn Mitchell
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Cathryn Mitchell
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Aidan Montare
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Aidan Montare
- 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States
- Cuong D. Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Cuong D. Nguyen
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Cuong D. Nguyen
- Department of Computing Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Peter N. Nordberg
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Gareth W. Perry
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Gareth W. Perry
- 7Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Gerard N. Piccini
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Gerard N. Piccini
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Stanley W. Pozerski
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Robert H. Reif
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Jonathan D. Rizzo
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Robert S. Robinett
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Veronica I. Romanek
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Veronica I. Romanek
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Simal Sami
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Simal Sami
- Department of Computing Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Diego F. Sanchez
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Diego F. Sanchez
- 7Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Muhammad Shaaf Sarwar
- Department of Physics and Engineering, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Muhammad Shaaf Sarwar
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Jay A. Schwartz
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- H. Lawrence Serra
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- H. Ward Silver
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Tamitha Mulligan Skov
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Tamitha Mulligan Skov
- 4Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, United States
- David A. Swartz
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David R. Themens
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David R. Themens
- 5Space Environment and Radio Engineering Group (SERENE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- David R. Themens
- 6Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Francis H. Tholley
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Francis H. Tholley
- Department of Computing Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- Mary Lou West
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Mary Lou West
- 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
- Ronald C. Wilcox
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David Witten
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- David Witten
- Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Wolcott, CT, United States
- Ben A. Witvliet
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Ben A. Witvliet
- 8Radio Systems, Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Nisha Yadav
- Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation Community, Scranton, PA, United States
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Computing Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1184171
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10
Abstract
The amateur radio community is a global, highly engaged, and technical community with an intense interest in space weather, its underlying physics, and how it impacts radio communications. The large-scale observational capabilities of distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and radio science enthusiasts offers a tremendous opportunity to advance the fields of heliophysics, radio science, and space weather. Well-established amateur radio networks like the RBN, WSPRNet, and PSKReporter already provide rich, ever-growing, long-term data of bottomside ionospheric observations. Up-and-coming purpose-built citizen science networks, and their associated novel instruments, offer opportunities for citizen scientists, professional researchers, and industry to field networks for specific science questions and operational needs. Here, we discuss the scientific and technical capabilities of the global amateur radio community, review methods of collaboration between the amateur radio and professional scientific community, and review recent peer-reviewed studies that have made use of amateur radio data and methods. Finally, we present recommendations submitted to the U.S. National Academy of Science Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024–2033 for using amateur radio to further advance heliophysics and for fostering deeper collaborations between the professional science and amateur radio communities. Technical recommendations include increasing support for distributed instrumentation fielded by amateur radio operators and citizen scientists, developing novel transmissions of RF signals that can be used in citizen science experiments, developing new amateur radio modes that simultaneously allow for communications and ionospheric sounding, and formally incorporating the amateur radio community and its observational assets into the Space Weather R2O2R framework. Collaborative recommendations include allocating resources for amateur radio citizen science research projects and activities, developing amateur radio research and educational activities in collaboration with leading organizations within the amateur radio community, facilitating communication and collegiality between professional researchers and amateurs, ensuring that proposed projects are of a mutual benefit to both the professional research and amateur radio communities, and working towards diverse, equitable, and inclusive communities.
Keywords