Superselective intranidal delivery of platinum-based high-density packing coils for treatment of arteriovenous malformations

Abstract

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) classically feature an intervening nidus of poorly differentiated endothelium. The pillar of modern AVM treatment is intranidal delivery and deposition of various liquid embolic agents such as n-butyl cyanoacrylate, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and ethanol. These agents are cumbersome to prepare, deliver, and deploy and have been associated with complications related to limited delivery control, nonretrievability, frequent microcatheter exchanges, and nontarget embolization. Coils and other proximal occlusive agents have not been traditionally recommended as sole embolic agents for AVM treatment given the inherent lack of adequate AVM nidus penetration with previous coil technologies. In the present report, we have described a series of three patients with AVMs in whom newer generation, platinum-based, packing coils were used safely and effectively as the primary agent for superselective nidal penetration and embolization.

Keywords

• Arteriovenous malformation
• AVM
• Embolization
• Nidus
• Platinum coils