Meat production in the individual and public sectors of agriculture in the Urals in 1946–1965

Abstract

Backround. The undoubted relevance of the problem stated in the title of the arti-cle lies in the weak degree of its research. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dy-namics of meat production on collective and state farms, as well as in the families of collec-tive farmers, individual farmers, workers and employees in the Urals during 1946–1965. Materials and methods. Based on materials stored in the Russian State Archive of Econom-ics of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR and data from regional archives, mainly in-troduced into scientific circulation for the first time, an analysis of the dynamics of meat production in the farms of the above-mentioned legal entities and individuals was carried out in the period under study. In addition, the array of historical sources also included his-torical research, economic and statistical materials, legislative and regulatory documents, periodical materials, and electronic sources of information. When writing the article, well-known general scientific and special historical methods, principles and approaches were used. Results. The research shows the impact of the war on the volume and structure of meat production in the region, and determines the results of restoring meat production in the first post-war years. The dynamics of meat production throughout agriculture and indi-vidual categories of farms over the post-war twenty years is presented; it is proven that meat production increased rapidly in these years. It has been determined that among the livestock sectors, poultry farming and pig farming have developed especially rapidly. Fea-tures of the dynamics of meat production in individual republics and regions of the region have been identified, and the influence of state policy on the scale of production in various categories of farms has been studied. Conclusions. During the period under study, there was a process of systematic displacement of the individual sector from the production sphere and its replacement by the public sector. As a result, the public sector became predominant in livestock farming in the Urals already in the 1960s. However, public production has never been able to surpass the households of citizens in terms of the most important economic in-dicator – labor productivity.

Keywords

• ural
• 1946–1965
• livestock breeding
• meat
• collective farms
• state farms
• col-lective farmers
• workers and employees
• individual farmers