Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)

Overview of recent experimental results on the EAST Tokamak

  • X. Gong,
  • on behalf of EAST Team and Collaborators,
  • The EAST Team:,
  • Yuntao Song,
  • Baonian Wan,
  • Jiangang Li,
  • Yuanxi Wan,
  • Xinchao Wu,
  • Fukun Liu,
  • Junling Chen,
  • Jiansheng Hu,
  • Guosheng Xu,
  • Kun Lu,
  • Xianzu Gong,
  • Bingjia Xiao,
  • Yu Wu,
  • Xiang Gao,
  • Damao Yao,
  • Nong Xiang,
  • Liqun Hu,
  • Chundong Hu,
  • Jiefeng Wu,
  • Biao Shen,
  • Ge Gao,
  • Yiyun Huang,
  • Liuwei Xu,
  • Qiyong Zhang,
  • Cheonho Bae,
  • Bin Cao,
  • Lei Cao,
  • Jiafeng Chang,
  • Dalong Chen,
  • Ran Chen,
  • Xiaojiao Chen,
  • Yebin Chen,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Yunxin Cheng,
  • Yong Cheng,
  • Bojiang Ding,
  • Fang Ding,
  • Rui Ding,
  • Shijun Du,
  • Yanmin Duan,
  • Jia Fu,
  • Daming Gao,
  • Wei Gao,
  • Yongqi Gu,
  • Bin Guo,
  • Fei Guo,
  • Yong Guo,
  • Xiaofeng Han,
  • Shiying He,
  • Ailan Hu,
  • Chang Hu,
  • Guanghai Hu,
  • Huaichuan Hu,
  • Qingsheng Hu,
  • Yanlan Hu,
  • Zhenhua Hu,
  • Juan Huang,
  • Liansheng Huang,
  • Ming Huang,
  • Ronglin Huang,
  • Xiang Ji,
  • Hua Jia,
  • Caichao Jiang,
  • Yinxian Jie,
  • Songqing Ju,
  • Defeng Kong,
  • Erzhong Li,
  • Guoqiang Li,
  • Jiahong Li,
  • Junjun Li,
  • Miaohui Li,
  • Pan Li,
  • Kedong Li,
  • Shi Li,
  • Yadong Li,
  • Lizhen Liang,
  • Yanchuan Liao,
  • Shiyao Lin,
  • Xin Lin,
  • Bili Ling,
  • Haiqing Liu,
  • Huajun Liu,
  • Jianwen Liu,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Shaocheng Liu,
  • Sheng Liu,
  • Wenbin Liu,
  • Xiaoju Liu,
  • Xiaoyan Liu,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Zhihong Liu,
  • Zhimin Liu,
  • Jianhua Lu,
  • Zhengping Luo,
  • Dengkui Ma,
  • Huafeng Mao,
  • Wendong Ma,
  • Songtao Mao,
  • Yuzhou Mao,
  • Tingfeng Ming,
  • Chao Pan,
  • Chengkang Pan,
  • Shengmin Pan,
  • Jing Qian,
  • Jinping Qian,
  • Chengming Qin,
  • Zhiyong Qiu,
  • Qilong Ren,
  • Zhicai Sheng,
  • Shihua Song,
  • Pengjun Sun,
  • Xiaoyang Sun,
  • Youwen Sun,
  • Tian Tang,
  • Ling Tao,
  • Ang Ti,
  • Baoguo Wang,
  • Feng Wang,
  • Fudi Wang,
  • Huihui Wang,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Liang Wang,
  • Linsen Wang,
  • Mao Wang,
  • Ping Wang,
  • Xiaojie Wang,
  • Shouxin Wang,
  • Yating Wang,
  • Yuehang Wang,
  • Yong Wang,
  • Zhengchu Wang,
  • Jianglong Wei,
  • Jing Wei,
  • Xuechao Wei,
  • Bin Wu,
  • Dajun Wu,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Jinhua Wu,
  • Xiangming Wu,
  • Yibing Wu,
  • Zege Wu,
  • Weibin Xi,
  • Tianyang Xia,
  • Yezheng Xiao,
  • Yahong Xie,
  • Yuanlai Xie,
  • Handong Xu,
  • Liqing Xu,
  • Liuwei Xu,
  • Weiye Xu,
  • Ning Yan,
  • Rong Yan,
  • Jianhua Yang,
  • Lei Yang,
  • Qingxi Yang,
  • Yao Yang,
  • Zhongshi Yang,
  • Min Yu,
  • Yaowei Yu,
  • Qiping Yuan,
  • Shuai Yuan,
  • Qing Zang,
  • Bin Zhang,
  • Jian Zhang,
  • Jizong Zhang,
  • Liyuan Zhang,
  • Ling Zhang,
  • Ruirui Zhang,
  • Shoubiao Zhang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Xinjun Zhang,
  • Xiuqing Zhang,
  • Yang Zhang,
  • Zuchao Zhang,
  • Hailin Zhao,
  • Lianmin Zhao,
  • Guoqiang Zhong,
  • Ruijie Zhou,
  • Haishan Zhou,
  • Tianhu Zhou,
  • Yue Zhou,
  • Dahuan Zhu,
  • Haisheng Zhu,
  • Ping Zhu,
  • Zeying Zhu,
  • Huidong Zhuang,
  • Zibo Zhou,
  • Zhiyong Zhou,
  • Zhiwei Zhou,
  • Guizhong Zuo,
  • International and Domestic Collaborators:,
  • Huishan Cai,
  • Weixing Ding,
  • Tao Lan,
  • Adi Liu,
  • Wandong Liu,
  • Shaojie Wang,
  • Minyou Ye,
  • Yi Yu,
  • Ge Zhuang,
  • Wei Chen,
  • Guangjiu Lei,
  • Lin Nie,
  • Min Xu,
  • Huang Yuan,
  • Nanhua Yao,
  • Zhe Gao,
  • Long Zeng,
  • Tieshuan Fan,
  • Liu Chen,
  • Guoyong Fu,
  • Zhiwei Ma,
  • Zengmao Sheng,
  • Yong Xiao,
  • Xiaogang Wang,
  • Zhongyong Chen,
  • Yonghua Ding,
  • Xiwei Hu,
  • Zijiang Wang,
  • Fangchuan Zhong,
  • Hongbin Ding,
  • Dezhen Wang,
  • Zhengxiong Wang,
  • Chenggang Jin,
  • Xuemei Wu,
  • Xiaofei Yang,
  • Jianhua Zhang,
  • Qingyuan Hu,
  • Xi Yuan,
  • Changqi Chen,
  • Shuyi Gan,
  • Xudi Wang,
  • Congzhong Wu,
  • Chongwei Zhang,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Wu Zhu,
  • Erhua Kong,
  • Kaisong Wang,
  • Chuanli Wang,
  • Hongtao Yang,
  • Lixiang Zhang,
  • Yuhong Xu,
  • Paul Anderson,
  • Gheni Abla,
  • Vincent Chan,
  • John L. Doane,
  • Andrea Garofalo,
  • Punit Gohil,
  • Chung Lih Hsieh,
  • Ruey Hong,
  • David Humphreys,
  • Alan Walter Hyatt,
  • Gary Jackson,
  • Lang Lao,
  • Yueqiang Liu,
  • James Leuer,
  • John Lohr,
  • Mohamad Ali Mahdavi,
  • Robert Olstad,
  • Ben Penaflor,
  • Ron Prater,
  • David Piglowski,
  • Michael Schaffe,
  • Tim Scoville,
  • Wayne Solomon,
  • Mike Walker,
  • Anders Welander,
  • Manfred Bitter,
  • Robert Budny,
  • Robert A. Ellis,
  • Nat Fisch,
  • Rich Hawryluk,
  • Kenneth W. Hill,
  • Joel Hosea,
  • Michael A. Jaworski,
  • Egemen Kolemen,
  • Rajesh Maingi,
  • Dennis Mansfield,
  • Dana M. Mastrovito,
  • Jonathan Menard,
  • Dennis Mueller,
  • Novmir Pablant,
  • Lane Roquemore,
  • Filippo Scotti,
  • Gary Taylor,
  • Kevin Tritz,
  • Randy Wilson,
  • Michael Zarnstorff,
  • Seung Gyou Baek,
  • Beck Bill,
  • Paul T. Bonoli,
  • Robert Granetz,
  • Ron Parker,
  • Shunichi Shiraiwa,
  • Josh Stillerman,
  • Greg Wallace,
  • Stephen Wukitch,
  • Lihua Zhou,
  • He Huang,
  • Kenneth Gentle,
  • Ken Liao,
  • Perry Philippe,
  • William L. Rowan,
  • Linjin Zheng,
  • Patrick H. Diamond,
  • George R. Tynan,
  • Nicolas Fedorczak,
  • Peter Manz,
  • Lei Zhao,
  • David Brower,
  • William W. Heidbrink,
  • Yubao Zhu,
  • Calvin W. Domier,
  • Neville C. Luhmann,
  • Chris Holcomb,
  • Xueqiao Xu,
  • Eric Wang,
  • Max E. Fenstermarcher,
  • Mickey Wade,
  • Donald L. Hillis,
  • Steve Meitner,
  • Mickey Wade,
  • Igor V. Vinyar,
  • Vladimir Davydenko,
  • Igor Shikhovtsev,
  • Naoko Ashikawa,
  • Kasahara Hiroshi,
  • Katsumi Ida,
  • Shinichiro Kado,
  • Tomita Kawamura,
  • Saito Kenji,
  • Ryuhei Kumazawa,
  • Ogawa Kunihiro,
  • Isobe Mitsutaka,
  • Shigeru Morita,
  • Haruhisa Nakano,
  • Masaki Osakabe,
  • Mizuki Sakamoto,
  • Yasuhiko Takeiri,
  • Kazuo Toi,
  • Katsuyoshi Tsumori,
  • Nobuta Yuji,
  • Masaya Hanada,
  • Mitsuru Kikuchi,
  • Atsushi Kojima,
  • Kazuhiro Watanabe,
  • Jean-Francois Artaud,
  • Vincent Basiuk,
  • F. Bouquey,
  • B. Bremond,
  • Laurent Colas,
  • Joan Decker,
  • D. Douai,
  • Annika Ekedahl,
  • Christel Fenzi,
  • Eric Gauthier,
  • Gerardo Giruzzi,
  • Marc Goniche,
  • Dominique Guilhem,
  • Walid Helou,
  • Julien Hillairet,
  • Tuong Hoang,
  • Philippe Huynh,
  • Frederic Imbeaux,
  • Xavier Litaudon,
  • Roland Magne,
  • Yves Peysson,
  • K. Vueillie,
  • Xiaolan Zou,
  • Alberto Loarte,
  • Richard Pitts,
  • Tom Wauters,
  • Franz Braun,
  • R. Bilato,
  • Volodymyr Bobkov,
  • J.M. Noterdaeme,
  • Qingquan Yu,
  • Yunfeng Liang,
  • Jonny Pearson,
  • Michael Rack,
  • Joseph Banks,
  • John Fessey,
  • Charles Monroe,
  • Damian King,
  • Stefan Schmuck,
  • Hongjuan Sun,
  • Paul Trimble,
  • Tom Todd,
  • Jun-Gyo Bak,
  • Suk-Ho Hong,
  • Sangong Lee,
  • Bae Young Soon,
  • Oh Byung Hoon,
  • Chang Doo Hee,
  • Lee Kwang Won,
  • Luca Amicucci,
  • Giuseppe Calabro,
  • Silvio Ceccuzzi,
  • Roberto Cesario,
  • Flavio Crisanti,
  • Edmondo Giovannozzi,
  • Giuseppe Ramogida,
  • Gianmaria De Tommasi,
  • Angelo Antonio Tuccillo,
  • Bruno Viola,
  • Raffaele Albanese,
  • Roberto Ambrosino,
  • Lucio Barbato,
  • Stefano Mastrostefano,
  • Alfredo Pironti,
  • Vincenzo Pericoli Ridolfini,
  • Rory Scannell,
  • Fabio Villone,
  • Volker Naulin,
  • Anders H. Nielsen,
  • Roman Zagorsky,
  • Sandor Zoletnik,
  • Chijin Xiao,
  • B. Madsen,
  • M. Salewski,
  • Eugenio Schuster

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad4270
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 64, no. 11
p. 112013

Abstract

Read online

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high β _P has been significantly extended ( H _98y2 > 1.3, β _P ∼ 4.0, β _N ∼ 2.4 and n _e / n _GW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q _95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (<0.3 V m ^−1 ) with EC pre-ionization is developed. A beneficial role on the lower hybrid wave injection to control the tungsten concentration in the NBI discharge is observed for the first time in EAST suggesting a potential way toward steady-state H-mode NBI operation.

Keywords