Freqüência de anticorpos irregulares em politransfundidos no Hemocentro Regional de Uberaba-MG, de 1997 a 2005 Frequency of irregular antibodies in multiple-transfused patients at the Regional Blood Bank of Uberaba, from 1997 to 2005

Abstract

A fenotipagem eritrocitária pré-transfusional é um importante procedimento para aumentar a segurança das transfusões sangüíneas, sendo realizada rotineiramente no Hemocentro Regional de Uberaba-MG (HRU) desde 1996. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral avaliar a freqüência de anticorpos antieritrocitários irregulares em politransfundidos, de 1997 a 2005. Através de estudo retrospectivo foram levantados dados no arquivo do HRU de todos os pacientes aloimunizados, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e comparam-se as proporções pelo teste "Z". Dos 23.220 transfundidos no período, com média de 5,7 transfusões por paciente, observou-se a ocorrência de aloimunização em 173 (0,75%). Os sistemas Rh e Kell juntos tiveram freqüência superior a 70%. A proporção do anti-D foi significativamente maior nas mulheres (pTesting of the pre-transfusional blood phenotype, which has been carried out at the Regional Blood Bank in Uberaba since 1996, is an important procedure to improve safety of blood transfusions. This study aims to describe the frequency of irregular red blood cell antibodies in multiple-transfused patients from 1997 to 2005. In a retrospective study, data from all alloimmunized patients were collected from the blood bank files. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and a comparison of proportions was made using the Z test. Alloimmunization was observed in 173 (0.75%) of the 23,220 transfused patients, with an average of 5.7 transfusions per patient. The frequency of the Rh and Kell systems jointly was over 70%. The proportion of anti-D was significantly higher in women (p<0.05) and no difference was noted in the Rh system between Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Seventy percent (70%) of the patients were over 30 years of age. Out of the 73 patients with registered diseases, 39.73% had acute anemias, 31.51% chronic anemias and 28.77% oncological or onco-hematologic diseases. Approximately 70% of antibodies were discovered before the 10th transfusion. The low frequency of alloimmunization observed at the Regional Blood Bank of Uberaba reinforces the importance of pre-transfusional blood phenotype screening for all multiple-transfused patients as well as its adoption as a common practice in all hemotherapy center.

Keywords

• Aloimunização
• anticorpos irregulares
• pacientes politransfundidos
• Alloimmunization
• irregular antibodies
• multitransfused patients