eLife (Apr 2016)
The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses
- Nicola S Lewis,
- Colin A Russell,
- Pinky Langat,
- Tavis K Anderson,
- Kathryn Berger,
- Filip Bielejec,
- David F Burke,
- Gytis Dudas,
- Judith M Fonville,
- Ron AM Fouchier,
- Paul Kellam,
- Bjorn F Koel,
- Philippe Lemey,
- Tung Nguyen,
- Bundit Nuansrichy,
- JS Malik Peiris,
- Takehiko Saito,
- Gaelle Simon,
- Eugene Skepner,
- Nobuhiro Takemae,
- ESNIP3 consortium,
- Richard J Webby,
- Kristien Van Reeth,
- Sharon M Brookes,
- Lars Larsen,
- Simon J Watson,
- Ian H Brown,
- Amy L Vincent
Affiliations
- Nicola S Lewis
- ORCiD
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Colin A Russell
- ORCiD
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Pinky Langat
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Tavis K Anderson
- ORCiD
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, United States
- Kathryn Berger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Filip Bielejec
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
- David F Burke
- ORCiD
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Gytis Dudas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Judith M Fonville
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ron AM Fouchier
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Paul Kellam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Bjorn F Koel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Philippe Lemey
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Tung Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnostics, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Bundit Nuansrichy
- National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok, Thailand
- JS Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Takehiko Saito
- National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gaelle Simon
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
- Eugene Skepner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Nobuhiro Takemae
- National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
- ESNIP3 consortium
- Richard J Webby
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
- Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Sharon M Brookes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- Lars Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Simon J Watson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Ian H Brown
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- Amy L Vincent
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, United States
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12217
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 5
Abstract
Swine influenza presents a substantial disease burden for pig populations worldwide and poses a potential pandemic threat to humans. There is considerable diversity in both H1 and H3 influenza viruses circulating in swine due to the frequent introductions of viruses from humans and birds coupled with geographic segregation of global swine populations. Much of this diversity is characterized genetically but the antigenic diversity of these viruses is poorly understood. Critically, the antigenic diversity shapes the risk profile of swine influenza viruses in terms of their epizootic and pandemic potential. Here, using the most comprehensive set of swine influenza virus antigenic data compiled to date, we quantify the antigenic diversity of swine influenza viruses on a multi-continental scale. The substantial antigenic diversity of recently circulating viruses in different parts of the world adds complexity to the risk profiles for the movement of swine and the potential for swine-derived infections in humans.
Keywords
