Modified Nano-Montmorillonite and Monensin Modulate <i>In Vitro</i> Ruminal Fermentation, Nutrient Degradability, and Methanogenesis Differently
Yosra Soltan,
Amr Morsy,
Nesrein Hashem,
Mahmoud Elazab,
Mohamed Sultan,
Haneen Marey,
Gomaa Abo El Lail,
Nagwa El-Desoky,
Nourhan Hosny,
Ahmed Mahdy,
Elsayed Hafez,
Sobhy Sallam
Affiliations
Yosra Soltan
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Amr Morsy
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Nesrein Hashem
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Mahmoud Elazab
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Mohamed Sultan
Economic and Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Haneen Marey
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Gomaa Abo El Lail
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Nagwa El-Desoky
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Nourhan Hosny
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Ahmed Mahdy
Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Elsayed Hafez
Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
Sobhy Sallam
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
Two types of modified nano-montmorillonite (MNM) were developed by ion-exchange reactions using two different surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB), to prepare MNMSDS and MNMCETAB, respectively. Both MNM types were on the nano-scale and had higher cation-exchange capacity values than NM clay. The MNMCETAB had the highest zeta potential (−27 mV) compared with the other clays. Effects of MNM types on in vitro ruminal batch culture fermentation, nutrient degradability, and methane (CH4) emission compared with monensin were evaluated in vitro using a semi-automatic gas production system. The experimental treatments were the control (0 supplementations), monensin (40 mg/kg DM), and NM (5 g NM/kg DM), and two levels of MNMSDS and MNMCETAB were supplemented at 0.05 (low) and 0.5 (high) g/kg DM to the control basal feed substrate. Among the experimental treatments, the high dose of both MNM types reduced (p 4 production and ammonia concentrations compared with the control, while only MNMCETAB treatment tended to increase (p = 0.08) the truly degraded organic matter compared with monensin. All MNM treatments increased (p CETAB increased (p in vitro ruminal batch culture pH compared with the control and monensin. The MNMCETAB supplemented at 0.5 g/kg DM is the most efficient additive to reduce CH4 emission with the advantage of enhancing the in vitro nutrient degradability of the experimental feed substrate. These results indicated that MNM could modulate the in vitro ruminal fermentation pattern in a dose- and type-dependent manner.
