International Journal of Public Health (Jul 2024)
Socioeconomic Status and Adherence to Preventive Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland: A Population Based Digital Cohort Analysis
- Stefano Tancredi,
- Bernadette W. A. van der Linden,
- Arnaud Chiolero,
- Arnaud Chiolero,
- Arnaud Chiolero,
- Stéphane Cullati,
- Stéphane Cullati,
- Medea Imboden,
- Medea Imboden,
- Nicole Probst-Hensch,
- Nicole Probst-Hensch,
- Dirk Keidel,
- Dirk Keidel,
- Melissa Witzig,
- Melissa Witzig,
- Julia Dratva,
- Julia Dratva,
- Gisela Michel,
- Erika Harju,
- Erika Harju,
- Irene Frank,
- Elsa Lorthe,
- Elsa Lorthe,
- Hélène Baysson,
- Silvia Stringhini,
- Silvia Stringhini,
- Silvia Stringhini,
- Silvia Stringhini,
- Christian R. Kahlert,
- Christian R. Kahlert,
- Julia B. Bardoczi,
- Julia B. Bardoczi,
- Moa Lina Haller,
- Patricia O. Chocano-Bedoya,
- Nicolas Rodondi,
- Nicolas Rodondi,
- Rebecca Amati,
- Emiliano Albanese,
- Laurie Corna,
- Luca Crivelli,
- Luca Crivelli,
- Marco Kaufmann,
- Anja Frei,
- Viktor von Wyl,
- Viktor von Wyl
Affiliations
- Stefano Tancredi
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Bernadette W. A. van der Linden
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Arnaud Chiolero
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Stéphane Cullati
- Quality of Care Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Medea Imboden
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Nicole Probst-Hensch
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Dirk Keidel
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Melissa Witzig
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Melissa Witzig
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Julia Dratva
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Julia Dratva
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Erika Harju
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Erika Harju
- School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Irene Frank
- 0Clinical Trial Unit, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Elsa Lorthe
- 1Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Elsa Lorthe
- 2Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris (CRESS), Paris, France
- Hélène Baysson
- 1Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Silvia Stringhini
- 1Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Silvia Stringhini
- 3Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Silvia Stringhini
- 4University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Silvia Stringhini
- 5School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Christian R. Kahlert
- 6Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Christian R. Kahlert
- 7Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Julia B. Bardoczi
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Julia B. Bardoczi
- 8Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Moa Lina Haller
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Patricia O. Chocano-Bedoya
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Healthcare (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nicolas Rodondi
- 8Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Rebecca Amati
- 9Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Emiliano Albanese
- 9Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Laurie Corna
- 0Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
- Luca Crivelli
- 9Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Luca Crivelli
- 0Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
- Marco Kaufmann
- 1Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Anja Frei
- 1Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Viktor von Wyl
- 1Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Viktor von Wyl
- 2Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606861
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 69
Abstract
ObjectivesTo assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported adherence to preventive measures in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods4,299 participants from a digital cohort were followed between September 2020 and November 2021. Baseline equivalised disposable income and education were used as SES proxies. Adherence was assessed over time. We investigated the association between SES and adherence using multivariable mixed logistic regression, stratifying by age (below/above 65 years) and two periods (before/after June 2021, to account for changes in vaccine coverage and epidemiological situation).ResultsAdherence was high across all SES strata before June 2021. After, participants with higher equivalised disposable income were less likely to adhere to preventive measures compared to participants in the first (low) quartile [second (Adj.OR, 95% CI) (0.56, 0.37–0.85), third (0.38, 0.23–0.64), fourth (0.60, 0.36–0.98)]. We observed similar results for education.ConclusionNo differences by SES were found during the period with high SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates and stringent measures. Following the broad availability of vaccines, lower incidence, and eased measures, differences by SES started to emerge. Our study highlights the need for contextual interpretation when assessing SES impact on adherence to preventive measures.
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