Usage des intrants chimiques dans un agrosystème tropical : diagnostic du risque de pollution environnementale dans la région cotonnière de l'est du Burkina Faso

Abstract

Use of the chemical products in a tropical agrosystem: diagnosis of the risk of environmental pollution in the cotton area of eastern Burkina Faso. The aim through this work was to make a diagnosis of the risk of environmental pollution, consequence of the use of the chemical products of the cotton plant in the area of eastern Burkina Faso. A follow-up of sixty cotton exploitations in the province of Kompienga and observations on husbandries made it possible to collect the data. The study revealed a manifest inaccuracy of proportioning and dilution of insecticides with an average of spreading number of 9.30. Moreover 61.66% of cotton producers applied insecticides of Gossypium sp. (cotton) to Vigna unguiculata (bean), Colocynthis vulgaris L. (melon) and Zea mays (corn) respectively in 60.50%, 9.30%, and 2.32% of the cases of diverted use. The sources of the environmental risk are the parallel circuits of provisioning of pesticides, the washing of the equipment of spreading in the sources of supply water and not respect of the technical routes of chemical products using. The estimate of the risks made it possible to put medical forward those of order, ground and water pollution and of development of resistance at the parasites targeted by the insecticidal treatments. A promotion of good husbandries is essential in the optics of a durable exploitation of the natural resources of the area.

Keywords

• Cotton culture
• chemical products
• risk
• pollution
• soil
• water
• Burkina Faso