Nutritional Patterns, Anthropometric and Sociodemographic Aspects Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Abstract Diabetes is the most frequent metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Its development is related to multiple factors and is associated with maternal and perinatal adverse effects. This study aims to determine the association of nutritional patterns, anthropometric and sociodemographic aspects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and perinatal results. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 237 pregnant women with the application of questionnaires: structured, global physical activity (GPAQ), 24-hour recall, and review of the perinatal medical history. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the nutritional patterns; descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis between the groups of patients with GDM and without GDM in users of the Centro de salud de Puengasí 2, and the Hospital Gineco Obstetrico Isidro Ayora in the city of Quito, from January to September 2021. Three nutritional patterns were identified in pregnant women. There was a difference in the variables, such as age, years of study, previous pregnancies, weight, and body mass index (BMI) for gestational age at the beginning of pregnancy between pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and those without GDM. Multivariate analysis confirms the association of GDM with BMI for gestational age at the start of pregnancy RR 0.293 (0.08-0.970) and passive smoking RR 0.037 (0.00196-0.701). No association with nutritional patterns was found. In conclusion,the affinity for nutritional patterns and physical activity does not show an association with GDM. The association between BMI for gestational age at the beginning of pregnancy and passive smoking with GDM is confirmed.

Keywords

• gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, nutritional pattern, exercise.