Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (Jan 2021)
CMIP6 Historical Simulations (1850–2014) With GISS‐E2.1
- Ron L. Miller,
- Gavin A. Schmidt,
- Larissa S. Nazarenko,
- Susanne E. Bauer,
- Maxwell Kelley,
- Reto Ruedy,
- Gary L. Russell,
- Andrew S. Ackerman,
- Igor Aleinov,
- Michael Bauer,
- Rainer Bleck,
- Vittorio Canuto,
- Grégory Cesana,
- Ye Cheng,
- Thomas L. Clune,
- Ben I. Cook,
- Carlos A. Cruz,
- Anthony D. Del Genio,
- Gregory S. Elsaesser,
- Greg Faluvegi,
- Nancy Y. Kiang,
- Daehyun Kim,
- Andrew A. Lacis,
- Anthony Leboissetier,
- Allegra N. LeGrande,
- Ken K. Lo,
- John Marshall,
- Elaine E. Matthews,
- Sonali McDermid,
- Keren Mezuman,
- Lee T. Murray,
- Valdar Oinas,
- Clara Orbe,
- Carlos Pérez García‐Pando,
- Jan P. Perlwitz,
- Michael J. Puma,
- David Rind,
- Anastasia Romanou,
- Drew T. Shindell,
- Shan Sun,
- Nick Tausnev,
- Kostas Tsigaridis,
- George Tselioudis,
- Ensheng Weng,
- Jingbo Wu,
- Mao‐Sung Yao
Affiliations
- Ron L. Miller
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Gavin A. Schmidt
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Larissa S. Nazarenko
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Susanne E. Bauer
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Maxwell Kelley
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Reto Ruedy
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Gary L. Russell
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Andrew S. Ackerman
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Igor Aleinov
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Michael Bauer
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Rainer Bleck
- CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Vittorio Canuto
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Grégory Cesana
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Ye Cheng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Thomas L. Clune
- Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
- Ben I. Cook
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Carlos A. Cruz
- Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
- Anthony D. Del Genio
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Gregory S. Elsaesser
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Greg Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Nancy Y. Kiang
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Daehyun Kim
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Andrew A. Lacis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Anthony Leboissetier
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Allegra N. LeGrande
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Ken K. Lo
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- John Marshall
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
- Elaine E. Matthews
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Sonali McDermid
- Department of Environmental Studies New York University New York NY USA
- Keren Mezuman
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Lee T. Murray
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Rochester Rochester NY USA
- Valdar Oinas
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Clara Orbe
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Carlos Pérez García‐Pando
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center Barcelona Spain
- Jan P. Perlwitz
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Michael J. Puma
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- David Rind
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Anastasia Romanou
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Drew T. Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
- Shan Sun
- NOAA/ESRL/Global Systems Laboratory Boulder CO USA
- Nick Tausnev
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Kostas Tsigaridis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- George Tselioudis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Ensheng Weng
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Jingbo Wu
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- Mao‐Sung Yao
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002034
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 1
pp. n/a – n/a
Abstract
Abstract Simulations of the CMIP6 historical period 1850–2014, characterized by the emergence of anthropogenic climate drivers like greenhouse gases, are presented for different configurations of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Earth System ModelE2.1. The GISS‐E2.1 ensembles are more sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than their CMIP5 predecessors (GISS‐E2) but warm less during recent decades due to a forcing reduction that is attributed to greater longwave opacity in the GISS‐E2.1 pre‐industrial simulations. This results in an atmosphere less sensitive to increases in opacity from rising greenhouse gas concentrations, demonstrating the importance of the base climatology to forcing and forced climate trends. Most model versions match observed temperature trends since 1979 from the ocean to the stratosphere. The choice of ocean model is important to the transient climate response, as found previously in CMIP5 GISS‐E2: the model that more efficiently exports heat to the deep ocean shows a smaller rise in tropospheric temperature. Model sea level rise over the historical period is traced to excessive drawdown of aquifers to meet irrigation demand with a smaller contribution from thermal expansion. This shows how fully coupled models can provide indirect observational constraints upon forcing, in this case, constraining irrigation rates with observed sea level changes. The overall agreement of GISS‐E2.1 with observed trends is familiar from evaluation of its predecessors, as is the conclusion that these trends are almost entirely anthropogenic in origin.
