Bio-preparation of CuO@ZnO Nanocomposite via Spent Mushroom Substrate and its Application against Candida albicans with Molecular Docking Study
Emad Abada,
Tarek M. Galal,
Amani Alhejely,
Abeer Mahmoud Mohammad,
Yasir Alruwaili,
Mohammed S. Almuhayawi,
Abdel-Rahman M. Shater,
Mohammed H. Alruhaili,
Samy Selim
Affiliations
Emad Abada
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tarek M. Galal
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Amani Alhejely
Department of Biology, College of Aldarb, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abeer Mahmoud Mohammad
Department of Biology, College of Aldarb, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Yasir Alruwaili
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; Sustainable Development Research and Innovation Center, Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,Saudi Arabia
Abdel-Rahman M. Shater
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Mohammed H. Alruhaili
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Samy Selim
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Green routes for the bio-designing of bicomponent nanocomposites and their utilizations have attracted many investigators. Bio-designing of CuO@ZnO nanocomposites was performed using spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Ultraviolet-spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), besides X-ray diffraction (XRD) were exploited to characterize the synthesized CuO@ZnO. The dimensions of CuO@ZnO nanocomposites ranged from 31.4 and 95.9 nm. Both FT-IR and EDX analyses displayed the presence of some organic constituents from the SMS that joined to the surface of the fabricated CuO@ZnO nanocomposite. CuO@ZnO nanocomposite succeeded in inhibiting Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 33.5 ± 2 mm. C. albicans biofilm was affected by CuO@ZnO nanocomposite with biofilm inhibition of 25.08, 68.70, and 88.56% at 25, 50, and 75% of minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively. Molecular docking studies showed substantial binding affinities, as well as common hydrogen bonds. Optimum binding sites for CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were found to have binding affinities of interactions with 4YDE, 3DRA, and 1EAG proteins of C. albicans, resulting in, respectively, -2.7942, -3.30097, and -2.52129 kcal/mol, and -3.78244, -4.6029, and -4.1352 kcal/mol values. The findings suggest that CuO@ZnO nanocomposite can effectively suppress C. albicans growth.
