我國遺傳資源法立法之探討 The Aspect of Legislation of Genetic Resource Law in Taiwan

Abstract

自古以來，遺傳資源即被廣泛地運用在人類之食衣住行中，在農業及醫藥方面利用之機會更多。尤其是近代科學大量使用微生物與植物成分來生產生物製劑，不僅開發出許多新的藥品，也為醫藥工業帶來新的紀元。也因此，許多已開發國家乃積極投入大量資金，到遺傳資源豐富之國家進行探勘。然而這些探勘者一旦發現了特殊的遺傳資源後，往往在進一步或多或少的研發後，即以智慧財產權來確保其對這些遺傳物質及其所衍生的商業利益，對於遺傳資源來源者卻多未有任何之利益分享，形成所謂的「生物竊取」現象。為避免生物竊取案件之持續發生，並促進遺傳資源之保育及永續利用，許多國家乃著手制訂有關遺傳資源保護之法案。我國屬於遺傳資源豐富的國家，但外國人到國內進行探勘，尚無適當的規範加以管理，同時為促進我國遺傳資源之保育及永續利用，因此亟需儘速訂立有關之規範予以管理。有鑑於此，本文擬就「遺傳資源法」立法的必要性及主要規範架構加以探討之。 For centuries, genetic resources had been broadly used in human life, especially in agriculture and medicine. Recent science use plenty of microbes and ingredients of plants to produce biochemists; not only a large number of drugs are invented, but also has brought pharmaceutical industry to a new stage. For this reason, most enterprises of developed countries invest lots of time and money to survey in countries which possess rich genetic resources. However, once these surveyors find special genetic resources, after more or less researches, they usually hold intellectual properties of these genetic materials to protect their commercial benefits without sharing with sources of which generates benefits. This is so called “biopiracy.” In order to avoid biopiracies and to keep substantial use of generic resources, many countries have started to legislate for protecting genetic resources. Taiwan is a country with rich genetic resources, but still has no legislation to control foreigners surveying in our country; and also to keep substantial use of genetic resources in Taiwan, we need to legislate related law to govern. Hence, this article is going to probe into necessity to legislate “Genetic Resource Law” and its main frame.

Keywords

• 遺傳資源
• 生物多樣性公約
• 生物竊取
• 生物探勘
• genetic resources
• The Convention on Biological Diversity
• biopiracy
• bioprospecting