Randomized controlled trial of a brief dyadic cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to prevent PTSD

Abstract

Background : There is a dearth of effective interventions to prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method : We evaluated the efficacy of a brief dyadic two-session cognitive-behavioral intervention through a controlled trial involving trauma-exposed individuals recruited at the hospital's emergency room. Participants were randomly assigned to either the dyadic intervention group (n=37) or to a waiting list (assessment only) group (n=37). Results : In an intent-to-treat analysis, a time-by-group interaction was found, whereby the treated participants had less PTSD symptoms at the post-treatment but not at the pre-treatment compared to controls. Controlling for the improvement observed in the control participants, the intervention yielded a net effect size of d=0.39. Conclusions : A brief, early, and effective intervention can be provided by nurses or social workers in hospital settings, at a fairly low cost to individuals presenting to the emergency room as the result of trauma exposure.

Keywords

• Traumatic stress
• secondary prevention
• motor vehicle accidents
• cognitive-behavioral (CBT) interventions
• Canadians