Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants in Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Natnael Kebede,1 Yirgalem Mohammed,2 Mulugeta Desalegn Kasaye,3 Amare Zewdie4 1Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health College of Medicine Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health System and Policy, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 4Department of public health, college of Medicine and health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Natnael Kebede, Email [email protected]: This study aims to use the health belief model to identify predictors of weight management behaviour among civil servants in Ethiopia. Predictors include perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The study will provide insight into potential factors that civil servants perceive as significant in weight management.Methods: A sequential explanatory study was conducted from November 15, 2022, to January 20, 2020 among civil servants working in Dessie town, with 423 participants selected through simple random and purposive sampling techniques for the quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the quantitative study, while in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative study. Data was verified, entered into Epi Data, and analysed using Stata for multivariable linear regression. ATLAS.ti software version 7 facilitated the qualitative data analysis process. Findings with a p-value < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant in the final model.Results: This study found that several factors were significantly associated with higher behavioural intention for weight management. Females had higher intention than males, and individuals with higher educational levels demonstrated higher intention. Marital status was also a factor, with being divorced associated with lower intention. The absence of an obese family member and lack of prior weight loss experience were also linked to lower intention. Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits positively influenced intention, while higher perceived barriers were linked to lower intention.Conclusion: The study found that a stronger inclination towards weight management was linked to being female, having higher education, no obese family member, prior weight loss experience and positive attitudes. Interventions should target those less likely to exhibit these characteristics and address negative attitudes towards weight management.Keywords: health belief model, intention, weight management behaviour

Keywords

• health belief model
• intention
• weight management behaviour